The schizotrophic lifestyle of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>

Shang, Qingna; Jiang, Daohong; Xie, Jiatao; Cheng, Jiasen; Xiao, Xueqiong

doi:10.1111/mpp.13423

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…It is considered one of the most destructive plant pathogens ( Li et al, 2023 ; Ruan et al, 2023 ). In nature, S. sclerotiorum can exist as mycelium, sclerotia, ascospores, or microconidia ( Tang et al, 2011 ; Shang et al, 2024 ). S. sclerotiorum spends winter and summer in the form of sclerotia in the soil, plant residues, or seeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This disease occurs worldwide and causes significant loss of important crops, vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants ( Florea et al, 2023 ). In China, sclerotinia rot results in the loss of 157,500 tons of rapeseed annually, accounting for 81.7% of the total rapeseed loss ( Shang et al, 2024 ). In the United States, $560 million soybean losses were caused by sclerotinia rot in a particularly bad year ( O’sullivan et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sclerotinia rot of Zephyranthes candida caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor

Yin,

Song,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Sclerotinia rot is a serious disease that occurs on Zephyranthes candida. A thorough understanding of the pathogenic fungal species and understanding the biological characteristics are important for controlling sclerotinia. Fungal strains were isolated from the diseased leaves of Z. candida through tissue isolation. Koch’s hypothesis screened pathogenic strains by pathogenicity of healthy leaves, including re-isolation and identification. A multigene phylogenetic tree was constructed by extracting genomic DNA from pathogenic strains and measuring the nucleotide sequences at four sites, including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60). Morphological characteristics of the fungal structures were evaluated through microscopic analysis. The growth of pathogens was observed and recorded under different pH, different temperatures, different carbon sources and different nitrogen sources to clarify their biological characteristics. Representative strains D7, D13, X4, and X15 infected Z. candida and caused sclerotinia rot. At the beginning of the culture, white flocculent fungal hyphae appeared on the potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, and black spherical to irregular-shaped sclerotia appeared at the edge of the colony after 7 days. The diameter of the sclerotia was 2.4–8.6 mm and 0.4–0.9 mm, respectively. One sclerotium was able to germinate from 1 to 5 apothecia. Ascus were cylindrical or spindle-shaped, with a size of 110.0–120.0 × 9.2–11.6 μm. One ascus contained eight colorless, oval ascospores, with a size of 8.4–12.0 × 4.5–5.5 μm. Based on the phylogenetic tree constructed with the gene sequences for ITS, G3PDH, HSP60, and RPB2, D7 and D13 shared 99% homology with sclerotinia sclerotiorum, whereas X4 and X15 shared 99% homology with sclerotinia minor. S. sclerotiorum growth was more suitable when the culture temperature was 15°C–25°C, pH 5.0, carbon source was maltose and nitrogen source was yeast powder. S. minor growth was more suitable when the culture temperature was 15°C, pH 5.0, the carbon source was glucose, and the nitrogen source was yeast powder. The results identified the pathogens as S. sclerotiorum and S. minor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of S. sclerotiorum and S. minor causing sclerotinia rot on Z. candida. We herein aimed to identify the causal agent of sclerotinia rot of Z. candida in China based on morphological characteristics, molecular identification, and pathogenicity tests. Performed the experiments on the biological characteristics, to understand the law of disease occurrence. We also evaluated methods for the effective control of this disease. Our findings provide support for further studies on the pathogenesis mechanism of sclerotinia rot.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sclerotinia rot of Zephyranthes candida caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor

Yin,

Song,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Sclerotia remain dormant in the soil until conditions become favourable for vegetative growth (Singh et al 2023). The sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum remain viable for more than 10 years, playing an important role as primary inocula in a long-term infection cycle (Shang et al 2024), infecting plants after undergoing myceliogenic germination, or carpogenic germination after the formation of ascospores (Mazumdar 2021). The primary means of controlling this pathogen is through chemical fungicides, which have deleterious effects on human health (O' Sullivan et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of UV-B and UV-C in Suppressing Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Infection in Tomato Plants

Kean,

Wong,

Rahim

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Ultraviolet radiation has emerged as an eco-friendly biocontrol agent. However, since high doses of UV are biocidal, it is crucial to determine the effects and optimal doses of UV both for fungal pathogens and host plants to maximise the benefits of such treatments. This study investigated the effects of UV-B, UV-C, and their combination treatments on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a major fungal pathogen, and tomato plants infected with S. sclerotiorum. Our results showed that the optimised cumulative UV dosage suppressed in vitro sclerotia germination, inhibited mycelial growth, increased reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation accumulation and suppressed superoxide dismutase activity in plants. In S. sclerotiorum-inoculated tomato plants, combining UV-B (3600 J/m2) and UV-C (930 J/m²) or applying UV-C (930 J/m²) alone was more effective in suppressing the pathogen (81%) compared to the UV-B (3600 J/m²) alone. The combination treatment also significantly improved fruit yield (1.83-11.88-fold), biomass (2.03-3.46-fold), bioactive compound contents [total phenolic content (1.28-6.03-fold), total flavonoid content (1.29-5.39-fold), and ascorbic acid (1.30-7.70-fold)]. Additionally, the expression of defence genes (PR1, PR2, PR5, PDF1.2, VSP2, PR3, and PR4) in combination treatment was significantly higher than in non-treated plants and individual UV-B or UV-C treatments. This is the first report demonstrating the synergistic effect of UV-B and UV-C as an effective tool for suppressing plant disease, enhancing yield, and improving the quality of agricultural produce, suggesting its potential as a combinatorial treatment for suppressing fungal diseases in crop plants.

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The schizotrophic lifestyle of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Cited by 2 publications

References 100 publications

Sclerotinia rot of Zephyranthes candida caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor

Sclerotinia rot of Zephyranthes candida caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor

Synergistic Effects of UV-B and UV-C in Suppressing Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Infection in Tomato Plants

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