The Sasang Constitutional Types Can Act as a Risk Factor for Hypertension

Lee, Jiwon; Lee, Junhee; Lee, Euiju; Yoo, Jung-Hee; Kim, Yun-Hee; Koh, Byung-Hee

doi:10.3109/10641963.2011.561901

Cited by 51 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We expect that these findings and the related compensation technique will contribute to establishing a scientific basis for the precise diagnosis of SC types in clinical practice. In recent studies, the association of SC types with metabolic disease was explored,26, 27, 28 and they found that the prevalence of metabolic disease varied across different SC types. Therefore, the significant facial features representing the SC types may also be helpful in predicting metabolic disease susceptibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Sasang constitutional types using facial features with compensation for photographic distance

Jang

et al. 2012

Integrative Medicine Research

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BackgroundFacial features are regarded as representative and reliable characteristics for diagnosing a person's Sasang Constitution (SC). However, the description of these features tends to depend on the interpretation and the opinion of the doctor that follows the SC approach. In this paper, we performed a facial feature analysis of SC types in an objective and quantitative manner. Here, site-to-site variability can be an obstacle to properly analyzing facial features when images are taken from various sites, which may have different experimental environments. A compensation technique to reduce the site-to-site variability was proposed before performing the feature analysis.MethodsThe frontal and profile images of 1464 patients recruited from various oriental medical clinics (19 sites) were used. Candidate feature variables were created, which were inspired by the facial characteristics of the SC types described in the Sasang constitutional medicine literature. To resolve the problems involved in processing data collected from various sites with heterogeneous experimental environments, a compensation technique was proposed. Statistical analysis techniques were employed to observe the differences among the SC types and to demonstrate how effectively the site-to-site variability was reduced.ResultsThe facial features that were significant for diagnosing the SC types were identified by a statistical analysis, and it was verified that the compensation technique reduced the site-to-site variability produced by the differences in photographic distance.ConclusionIt is noted that the significant facial features represent common characteristics of each SC type in the sense that we collected extensive opinions from many Sasang constitutional medicine doctors with various points of view. Additionally, a compensation method for the photographic distance is needed to find the significant facial features. We expect these findings and the related compensation technique to contribute to establishing a scientific basis for the precise diagnosis of SC types in clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Sasang constitutional types using facial features with compensation for photographic distance

Jang

et al. 2012

Integrative Medicine Research

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“…More remarkably, the BMI distribution profiles are also established, with many studies reporting obesity-prone characteristics in the TE type 20,21) . The prevalence and risk rates for other chronic diseases are also known to vary among the Sasang Jiwon Lee, et al: Sasang Constitutional Type as a Risk factor for Dyslipidemia constitution types, such as for hypertension 16) , type 2 diabetes mellitus 15) , insulin resistance 14) , and ischemic cerebrovascular diseases 22) . Similarly, the results of this study indicate constitutional type-specific lipid profiles and dyslipidemic risk, specifically that the TE constitution-type trait can act as an independent risk factor for dyslipidemia.…”

Section: Comparison Of Lipid Profiles Across the Different Constitutimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13] . Also, recent evidence suggests that the Sasang constitution types can be a predictor of the risk for several conditions including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension [14][15][16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the Sasang Constitutional Type Trait Act as an Independent Risk Factor for Dyslipidemia?

이지원¹,

장현수²,

박병주³

et al. 2014

JKOMOR

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“…1 The TE type has a higher likelihood of having cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia. [8][9][10] The hypoactive kidney function of the SY type manifests as enhanced susceptibility to urinary system diseases, such as cystis and renal diseases. [11][12][13] The SE type, which is dysfunctional in food intake and digestion, frequently reports chronic indigestion, gastroptosis, and gastroadynamics.…”

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confidence: 99%

So-Eum Type as an Independent Risk Factor for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Population-Based Study in Korea

Lee

Yoon²,

Yi³

et al. 2014

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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Objectives: It has been hypothesized that Sasang constitutional types (SCTs) have a specific hypoactive organ, which can account for vulnerability to related diseases or symptoms. This study examined the relationship between SCTs and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Design: Cross-sectional study in a population-based cohort study in Korea. Participants: 1362 individuals (705 men and 657 women) who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Outcome measures: The participants were classified into SCTs by the integrated diagnostic model and asked about symptoms related to IBS using the Rome II criteria. Results: The prevalence of IBS differed significantly among the SCTs, with 33 (18.3%) of the So-eum (SE) type, 74 (9.9%) of the Tae-eum (TE) type, and 57 (13.2%) of the So-yang (SY) type having IBS. Even after adjustment for possible confounders, the SE type for both sexes continued to show 1.82-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-3.16) excess odds of having IBS. Men with SE type had a 2.97 times (95% CI, 1.34-6.58) and a 2.50 times (95% CI, 1.15-5.47) significantly higher odds of having IBS than the TE and SY types, respectively. In analysis for the joint effect of SCT and psychological stress, the multivariate odds ratio of IBS was 3.21 (95% CI, 1.33-7.75) for the SE type and Psychological Well-Being Index-Short Form (PWI-SF) score ( < 27), and 5.83 (95% CI, 1.80-18.88) for the SE type and PWI-SF ( ‡ 27) compared with the TE type and PWI-SF score ( < 27). Conclusions: The SE type of SCT is an independent risk factor for IBS. The findings support the hypothesis that persons with SE type are vulnerable to gastrointestinal diseases.

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The Sasang Constitutional Types Can Act as a Risk Factor for Hypertension

Cited by 51 publications

References 20 publications

Analysis of Sasang constitutional types using facial features with compensation for photographic distance

Analysis of Sasang constitutional types using facial features with compensation for photographic distance

Can the Sasang Constitutional Type Trait Act as an Independent Risk Factor for Dyslipidemia?

So-Eum Type as an Independent Risk Factor for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Population-Based Study in Korea

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