The SARS-CoV2 envelope differs from host cells, exposes procoagulant lipids, and is disrupted in vivo by oral rinses

Saud, Zack; Tyrrell, Victoria J.; Ζαραγκούλιας, Ανδρέας; Protty, Majd; Statkute, Evelina; Rubina, Anzelika; Bentley, Kirsten; White, Daniel A.; Rodrigues, Patrícia; Murphy, Robert C.; Köfeler, Harald; Griffiths, William J.; Álvarez-Jarreta, Jorge; Brown, Richard W.; Newcombe, Robert G.; Heyman, James; Pritchard, M. C.; McLeod, Robert; Arya, Arvind; Lynch, Ceri-Ann; Owens, David M.; Jenkins, Patrick; Buurma, Niklaas J.; O'Donnell, Valerie Bridget; Thomas, David W.; Stanton, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100208

Cited by 36 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(113 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It also supports the continued use of oral antiseptics in these patients; antiseptics such as chlorhexidine are used routinely to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia [ 29 ]. These may also have a role to play in minimizing nosocomial transmission, although formulations containing surfactants are likely to be most effective [ 30 ]. Larger multicenter cohorts are now needed to determine the clinical features that correlate with long-term shedding (eg, age, humoral and cellular immune responses, specific treatments), and to assess whether the use of monoclonal antibody therapies, vaccination, and antivirals can reduce persistent shedding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically Ventilated Patients Shed High-Titer Live Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for Extended Periods From Both the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract

Saud

Ponsford

Bentley

et al. 2022

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome needing intensive care admission and may lead to death. As a virus that transmits by respiratory droplets and aerosols, determining the duration of viable virus shedding from the respiratory tract is critical for patient prognosis, and informs infection control measures both within healthcare settings and the public domain. Methods We prospectively examined upper and lower airway respiratory secretions for both viral RNA and infectious virions in mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the University Hospital of Wales. Samples were taken from the oral cavity (saliva), oropharynx (sub-glottic aspirate), or lower respiratory tract (non-directed bronchoalveolar lavage (NBL) or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)) and analyzed by both qPCR and plaque assay. Results 117 samples were obtained from 25 patients. qPCR showed extremely high rates of positivity across all sample types, however live virus was far more common in saliva (68%) than in BAL/NBAL (32%). Average titres of live virus were higher in subglottic aspirates (4.5x10 7) than in saliva (2.2x10 6) or BAL/NBAL (8.5x10 6) and reached >10 8 PFU/ml in some samples. The longest duration of shedding was 98 days, while most patients (14/25) shed live virus for 20 days or longer. Conclusions Intensive care unit patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 can shed high titres of virus both in the upper and lower respiratory tract and tend to be prolonged shedders. This information is important for decision making around cohorting patients, de-escalation of PPE, and undertaking potential aerosol generating procedures.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically Ventilated Patients Shed High-Titer Live Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for Extended Periods From Both the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract

Saud

Ponsford

Bentley

et al. 2022

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chlorhexidine products do variably achieve anti‐SARS‐V‐2 activity in products with concentrations ranging from 0.05% to 1% 49,152,158,169 . They appear to be less effective than alcohols and have differential action depending on the milieu 158 .…”

Section: Miscellaneous Antiviralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In commercial products, it is not uncommon to see ethanol or propanol combined with other potentially effective agents such as surfactants or quaternary ammonium compounds 81,82,142,161,167,169 . It is proposed that a concomitant surfactant may enhance efficacy 161 …”

Section: Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an extension of applying topical disinfectants, several studies have assessed various topical mucosal anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 agents 150,165,169,172,173 . Conceivably, such use could be of potential value for the prevention of both infection acquisition or secondary spread.…”

Section: Disinfectants and Topical Mucosal Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both duration of administration and sampling site affect perceptions of efficacy. Formulations including hydrogen peroxide, benzalkonium chloride, dequalinium chloride, chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, octenidine dihydrochloride, povidone–iodine, alkaline solutions, ethanol, hexetidine, cyclodextrin, polyaminopropyl biguanide, bioflavonoids, hypochlorous acid, delmopinol, silver nanoparticles, combination surfactants, essential oils, hydroxyapatite, glycyrrhizic acid, and/or sodium fluoride have been assessed 150,154,169,172,174–186 . Efficacy during in vitro or in vivo experiments has yielded variable results.…”

Section: Disinfectants and Topical Mucosal Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Disinfection and decontamination in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific data

Cimolai

2022

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Given the high transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) as witnessed early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, concerns arose with the existing methods for virus disinfection and decontamination. The need for SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific data stimulated considerable research in this regard. Overall, SARS‐CoV‐2 is practically and equally susceptible to approaches for disinfection and decontamination that have been previously found for other human or animal coronaviruses. The latter have included techniques utilizing temperature modulation, pH extremes, irradiation, and chemical treatments. These physicochemical methods are a necessary adjunct to other prevention strategies, given the environmental and patient surface ubiquity of the virus. Classic studies of disinfection have also allowed for extrapolation to the eradication of the virus on human mucosal surfaces by some chemical means. Despite considerable laboratory study, practical field assessments are generally lacking and need to be encouraged to confirm the correlation of interventions with viral eradication and infection prevention. Transparency in the constitution and use of any method or chemical is also essential to furthering practical applications.

show abstract

Chewing the fat: How lipidomics is changing our understanding of human health and disease in 2022

Géhin

Fowler

Trivedi

2023

Analytical Science Advances

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lipids are biological molecules that play vital roles in all living organisms. They perform many cellular functions, such as 1) forming cellular and subcellular membranes, 2) storing and using energy, and 3) serving as chemical messengers during intra‐ and inter‐cellular signal transduction. The large‐scale study of the pathways and networks of cellular lipids in biological systems is called “lipidomics” and is one of the fastest‐growing omics technologies of the last two decades. With state‐of‐the‐art mass spectrometry instrumentation and sophisticated data handling, clinical studies show how human lipid composition changes in health and disease, thereby making it a valuable medium to collect for clinical applications, such as disease diagnostics, therapeutic decision‐making, and drug development. This review gives a comprehensive overview of current workflows used in clinical research, from sample collection and preparation to data and clinical interpretations. This is followed by an appraisal of applications in 2022 and a perspective on the exciting future of clinical lipidomics.

show abstract

The SARS-CoV2 envelope differs from host cells, exposes procoagulant lipids, and is disrupted in vivo by oral rinses

Cited by 36 publications

References 86 publications

Mechanically Ventilated Patients Shed High-Titer Live Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for Extended Periods From Both the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract

Mechanically Ventilated Patients Shed High-Titer Live Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for Extended Periods From Both the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract

Disinfection and decontamination in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific data

Chewing the fat: How lipidomics is changing our understanding of human health and disease in 2022

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About