The SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein and Its Role in Viral Structure, Biological Functions, and a Potential Target for Drug or Vaccine Mitigation

Bai, Zhihua; Cao, Ying; Liu, Wenjun; Li, Jing

doi:10.3390/v13061115

Cited by 239 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…SARS-CoV-2 N protein may be an important virulence factor since it not only plays critical roles in virus replication, transcription and translation but has also been proposed to perform roles in modulating the host cellular machinery [ 50 ]. Our current work provides an overview of potential host proteins that interact with the N protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactome Analysis of the Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Virus

Zheng

Sun

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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SARS-CoV-2 infection has caused a global pandemic that has severely damaged both public health and the economy. The nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 is multifunctional and plays an important role in ribonucleocapsid formation and viral genome replication. In order to elucidate its functions, interaction partners of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein in human cells were identified via affinity purification and mass spectrometry. We identified 160 cellular proteins as interaction partners of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein in HEK293T and/or Calu-3 cells. Functional analysis revealed strong enrichment for ribosome biogenesis and RNA-associated processes, including ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis, ribosomal large and small subunits biogenesis, RNA binding, catalysis, translation and transcription. Proteins related to virus defence responses, including MOV10, EIF2AK2, TRIM25, G3BP1, ZC3HAV1 and ZCCHC3 were also identified in the N protein interactome. This study comprehensively profiled the viral–host interactome of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein in human cells, and the findings provide the basis for further studies on the pathogenesis and antiviral strategies for this emerging infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactome Analysis of the Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Virus

Zheng

Sun

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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“…The S gene takes part in binding SARS-CoV-2 with the human ACE2 protein [106]. Lastly, the N gene encodes the nucleocapsid protein, which is conservative in most coronaviruses [107][108][109].…”

Section: Lamp For Sars-cov-2 Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP): The Better Sibling of PCR?

Soroкa

Wasowicz

Rymaszewska

2021

Cells

190

100

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In 1998, when the PCR technique was already popular, a Japanese company called Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd. designed a method known as the loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA (LAMP). The method can produce up to 109 copies of the amplified DNA within less than an hour. It is also highly specific due to the use of two to three pairs of primers (internal, external, and loop), which recognise up to eight specific locations on the DNA or RNA targets. Furthermore, the Bst DNA polymerase most used in LAMP shows a high strand displacement activity, which eliminates the DNA denaturation stage. One of the most significant advantages of LAMP is that it can be conducted at a stable temperature, for instance, in a dry block heater or an incubator. The products of LAMP can be detected much faster than in standard techniques, sometimes only requiring analysis with the naked eye. The following overview highlights the usefulness of LAMP and its effectiveness in various fields; it also considers the superiority of LAMP over PCR and presents RT-LAMP as a rapid diagnostic tool for SARS-CoV-2.

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“…The multifunctional nucleocapsid (N) protein not only participates in viral replication and assembly, but also interferes with the interferon pathway of the host. 84 , 85 Compared with the more researched drug targets (S protein, 3CLpro, and PLpro), the N protein has several advantages: it has higher sequence conservation, is less prone to mutation, and induces a stronger protective immune response in the host. Therefore, N protein is a great potential target for diagnosis.…”

Section: Structural Proteins Of the Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RNA interacts with several basic residues (R92, R107, and R149) and causes a significant conformational change in the basic finger. 85 , 90 The CTD domain of the N protein is assembled into a cuboid composed of homologous dimers, and each protomer consists of six α-helices and two β-strands (Fig. 3e ).…”

Section: Structural Proteins Of the Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural biology of SARS-CoV-2: open the door for novel therapies

Zheng

Zeng

et al. 2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

198

149

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the pandemic disease COVID-19, which is so far without efficacious treatment. The discovery of therapy reagents for treating COVID-19 are urgently needed, and the structures of the potential drug-target proteins in the viral life cycle are particularly important. SARS-CoV-2, a member of the Orthocoronavirinae subfamily containing the largest RNA genome, encodes 29 proteins including nonstructural, structural and accessory proteins which are involved in viral adsorption, entry and uncoating, nucleic acid replication and transcription, assembly and release, etc. These proteins individually act as a partner of the replication machinery or involved in forming the complexes with host cellular factors to participate in the essential physiological activities. This review summarizes the representative structures and typically potential therapy agents that target SARS-CoV-2 or some critical proteins for viral pathogenesis, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying viral infection, prevention of infection, and treatment. Indeed, these studies open the door for COVID therapies, leading to ways to prevent and treat COVID-19, especially, treatment of the disease caused by the viral variants are imperative.

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The SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein and Its Role in Viral Structure, Biological Functions, and a Potential Target for Drug or Vaccine Mitigation

Cited by 239 publications

References 86 publications

Interactome Analysis of the Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Virus

Interactome Analysis of the Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Virus

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP): The Better Sibling of PCR?

Structural biology of SARS-CoV-2: open the door for novel therapies

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