The sap47 gene of Drosophila melanogaster codes for a novel conserved neuronal protein associated with synaptic terminals

Reichmuth, Claudia; Becker, Sonja; Benz, Monique; Debel, Karsten; Reisch, Dietmar; Heimbeck, Gertrud; Hofbauer, Alois; Klagges, Bert R. E.; Pflugfelder, Gert O.; Buchner, Erich

doi:10.1016/0169-328x(95)00058-z

Cited by 53 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Synapseassociated proteins are expressed specifically in neurons and act as important molecular elements of the nervous system [22,24]. Here, we show that this protein is down-regulated in the head of sporozoite-infected Anopheles (Table 2).…”

Section: Synaptic Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 58%

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Malaria Plasmodium agent induces alteration in the head proteome of their Anopheles mosquito host

et al. 2007

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Despite increasing evidence of behavioural manipulation of their vectors by pathogens, the underlying mechanisms causing infected vectors to act in ways that benefit pathogen transmission remain enigmatic in most cases. Here, 2-D DIGE coupled with MS were employed to analyse and compare the head proteome of mosquitoes (Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (Giles)) infected with the malarial parasite (Plasmodium berghei) with that of uninfected mosquitoes. This approach detected altered levels of 12 protein spots in the head of mosquitoes infected with sporozoites. These proteins were subsequently identified using MS and functionally classified as belonging to metabolic, synaptic, molecular chaperone, signalling, and cytoskeletal groups. Our results indicate an altered energy metabolism in the head of sporozoite-infected mosquitoes. Some of the up-/down-regulated proteins identified, such as synapse-associated protein, 14-3-3 protein and calmodulin, have previously been shown to play critical roles in the CNS of both invertebrates and vertebrates. Furthermore, a heat shock response (HSP 20) and a variation of cytoarchitecture (tropomyosins) have been shown. Discovery of these proteins sheds light on potential molecular mechanisms that underlie behavioural modifications and offers new insights into the study of intimate interactions between Plasmodium and its Anopheles vector.

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Section: Synaptic Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The protein belonging to the BSD family domain (Mf, Mg, two isoforms or PTMs) is a homolog of the conserved Drosophila synapse-associated protein SAP47 [22,23]. Synapseassociated proteins are expressed specifically in neurons and act as important molecular elements of the nervous system [22,24].…”

Section: Synaptic Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Plasmodium agent induces alteration in the head proteome of their Anopheles mosquito host

et al. 2007

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“…The domain is characterized by three predicted ␣ helices and a conserved phenylalanine-tryptophan amino acid pair (Doerks et al, 2002). SAP47 is abundant in synaptic terminals (Reichmuth et al, 1995;Funk et al, 2004), but a role in synaptic function and/or behavior has not been determined, in any species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this sense, studying associative learning and memory, rather than being particularly difficult, may be tackling the relation between brain and behavior in a particularly accessible form. Within this context, we focus on the role of a specific synaptic protein [the synapse-associated protein of 47 kDa (SAP47) (Reichmuth et al, 1995;Funk et al, 2004;Hofbauer et al, 2009)] for associative function and synaptic physiology in larval Drosophila. This seems timely, given the importance of synaptic processes for learning in general [e.g., Lechner and Byrne (1998) and Pittenger and Kandel (2003)] and in larval Drosophila in particular (e.g., Michels et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1A) was identified by a monoclonal antibody from a hybridoma library raised against Drosophila brain (Hofbauer et al, 2009). It codes for a synaptic protein with a BSD domain and is highly conserved between nematode, fly, fish, and human (Reichmuth et al, 1995;Funk et al, 2004). The BSD domain is localized in a conserved central region and is found in BTF2-like transcription factors, SAP47 homolog proteins, and DOS2-like proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral and Synaptic Plasticity Are Impaired upon Lack of the Synaptic Protein SAP47

Saumweber¹,

Weyhersmüller²,

Hallermann³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

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The synapse-associated protein of 47 kDa (SAP47) is a member of a phylogenetically conserved gene family of hitherto unknown function. In Drosophila, SAP47 is encoded by a single gene (Sap47) and is expressed throughout all synaptic regions of the wild-type larval brain; specifically, electron microscopy reveals anti-SAP47 immunogold labeling within 30 nm of presynaptic vesicles. To analyze SAP47 function, we used the viable and fertile deletion mutant Sap47 156 , which suffers from a 1.7 kb deletion in the regulatory region and the first exon. SAP47 cannot be detected by either immunoblotting or immunohistochemistry in Sap47 156 mutants. These mutants exhibit normal sensory detection of odorants and tastants as well as normal motor performance and basic neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction. However, short-term plasticity at this synapse is distorted. Interestingly, Sap47 156 mutant larvae also show a 50% reduction in odorant-tastant associative learning ability; a similar associative impairment is observed in a second deletion allele (Sap47 201 ) and upon reduction of SAP47 levels using RNA interference. In turn, transgenically restoring SAP47 in Sap47 156 mutant larvae rescues the defect in associative function. This report thus is the first to suggest a function for SAP47. It specifically argues that SAP47 is required for proper behavioral and synaptic plasticity in flies-and prompts the question whether its homologs are required for proper behavioral and synaptic plasticity in other species as well.

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Innervation of the ring gland ofDrosophila melanogaster

2001

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In insects, peptidergic neurons of the central nervous system regulate the synthesis of the main developmental hormones. Neuropeptides involved in this neuroendocrine cascade have been identified in lepidopterans and dictyopterans. Since these organisms are not suitable for genetic research, we identified peptidergic brain neurons innervating the ring gland in Drosophila melanogaster. In larvae of Drosophila, ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones are produced by the ring gland, which is composed of the prothoracic gland, the corpus allatum, and the corpora cardiaca. Using the GAL4 enhancer trap system, we mapped those neurons of the central nervous system that innervate the ring gland. Eleven groups of neurosecretory neurons and their target tissues were identified. Five neurons of the lateral protocerebrum directly innervate the prothoracic gland or corpus allatum cells of the ring gland and are believed to regulate ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone titers. Axons of the circadian pacemaker neurons project onto dendritic fields of these five neurons. This connection might be the neuronal substrate of the circadian rhythms of molting and metamorphosis in Drosophila. Most of the neurons presented here have not been described before. The enhancer trap lines labeling them will be valuable tools for the analysis of neuronal as well as genetic regulation in insect development.

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The sap47 gene of Drosophila melanogaster codes for a novel conserved neuronal protein associated with synaptic terminals

Cited by 53 publications

References 33 publications

Malaria Plasmodium agent induces alteration in the head proteome of their Anopheles mosquito host

Malaria Plasmodium agent induces alteration in the head proteome of their Anopheles mosquito host

Behavioral and Synaptic Plasticity Are Impaired upon Lack of the Synaptic Protein SAP47

Innervation of the ring gland ofDrosophila melanogaster

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