The same type of visual working memory limitations in humans and monkeys

Devkar, Deepna T.; Wright, Anthony A.; Ji, Wei

doi:10.1167/15.16.13

Cited by 14 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The VP model is usually compared in great detail to alternative models (e.g. (Van den Berg et al, 2012Nosofsky & Donkin, 2016;Van den Berg, Yoo, & Ma, 2017;Emrich et al, 2017;Devkar, Wright, & Ma, 2015;Keshvari et al, 2013;Pratte et al, 2017)).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Problematic usage of the Zhang and Luck mixture model

2018

Preprint

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A common method, due to Zhang and Luck (2008), for analyzing delayed-estimation data with a circular stimulus variable is to fit a mixture of a Von Mises distribution and a uniform distribution. The uniform distribution represents random guesses, presumably made when an item is not kept in memory. When I generate synthetic data from a variable-precision model with zero guessing, the method estimates the guess rate to be nonzero and often high. This is due to model mismatch: the fitted model is not matched to the data-generating (true) model. In real data, this could be a problem if one considers the variable-precision model a plausible candidate model and draws conclusions based on the estimated guess rates. I describe five solutions to this problem: analyzing the residual, ruling out the variable-precision model, robust inference, fitting a hybrid model, and using model-free statistics. I hope that these solutions can contribute to good data analysis practices in the study of working memory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. Acknowledge potential model mismatch and treat the residual of the ZL model as another summary statistic (Van den Berg et al, 2012 Devkar et al, 2015). Indeed, this model sometimes performs better than a pure VP model, providing evidence for the presence of true guessing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problematic usage of the Zhang and Luck mixture model

2018

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“…On the one hand, capacity-limited hypotheses (Cowan, 2001;Luck & Vogel, 1997;Miller, 1956;Zhang & Luck, 2008) attribute decreasing performance with the number of to-be-remembered stimuli to capacity (i.e., a limited number of representations can be simultaneously maintained in STM). On the other hand, precision-limited hypotheses attribute the bottleneck of STM storage entirely to changes in mnemonic precision for recall (Bays & Husain, 2008;Ma, Husain, & Bays, 2014) and recognition (Devkar, Wright, & Ma, 2015;Elmore & Wright, 2015;Elmore et al, 2011;Keshvari, van den Berg, & Ma, 2013). A recent variant of precision-limited hypotheses, the variable precision model (van den Berg et al, 2012), replaces the capacity limit with variable mnemonic precision in that the variability in precision could produce extremely low precision that behaviorally resembles random memory responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociations of the number and precision of visual short-term memory representations in change detection

Zhang

2017

Mem Cogn

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The present study dissociated the number (i.e., quantity) and precision (i.e., quality) of visual short-term memory (STM) representations in change detection using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and experimental manipulations. Across three experiments, participants performed both recognition and recall tests of visual STM using the change-detection task and the continuous color-wheel recall task, respectively. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the estimates of the number and precision of visual STM representations based on the ROC model of change-detection performance were robustly correlated with the corresponding estimates based on the mixture model of continuous-recall performance. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the experimental manipulation of mnemonic precision using white-noise masking and the experimental manipulation of the number of encoded STM representations using consolidation masking produced selective effects on the corresponding measures of mnemonic precision and the number of encoded STM representations, respectively, in both change-detection and continuous-recall tasks. Altogether, using the individual-differences (Experiment 1) and experimental dissociation (Experiment 2 and 3) approaches, the present study demonstrated the some-or-none nature of visual STM representations across recall and recognition.

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“…Until recently, it was common to use highly distinguishable items as stimuli, such as colors deliberately chosen to be far separated in color space. More recent studies have instead varied the magnitude of the change in order to obtain a richer characterization of behavior (Bays et al, 2009;Devkar, Wright, & Ma, 2015;Keshvari, Van den Berg, & Ma, 2012;Keshvari, Van den Berg, & Ma, 2013;Lara & Wallis, 2012;Van den Berg et al, 2012).…”

Section: Benchmark 82 Effects Of Item-probe Similarity In Recognitimentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarks for models of short-term and working memory.

Oberauer¹,

Lewandowsky²,

Awh³

et al. 2018

Psychological Bulletin

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307

306

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Any mature field of research in psychology-such as short-term/working memory-is characterized by a wealth of empirical findings. It is currently unrealistic to expect a theory to explain them all; theorists must satisfice with explaining a subset of findings. The aim of the present article is to make the choice of that subset less arbitrary and idiosyncratic than is current practice. We propose criteria for identifying benchmark findings that every theory in a field should be able to explain: Benchmarks should be reproducible, generalize across materials and methodological variations, and be theoretically informative. We propose a set of benchmarks for theories and computational models of short-term and working memory. The benchmarks are described in as theory-neutral a way as possible, so that they can serve as empirical common ground for competing theoretical approaches. Benchmarks are rated on three levels according to their priority for explanation. Selection and ratings of the benchmarks is based on consensus among the authors, who jointly represent a broad range of theoretical perspectives on working memory, and they are supported by a survey among other experts on working memory. The article is accompanied by a web page providing an open forum for discussion and for submitting proposals for new benchmarks; and a repository for reference data sets for each benchmark. (PsycINFO Database Record

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The same type of visual working memory limitations in humans and monkeys

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

Problematic usage of the Zhang and Luck mixture model

Problematic usage of the Zhang and Luck mixture model

Dissociations of the number and precision of visual short-term memory representations in change detection

Benchmarks for models of short-term and working memory.

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