The Same Magnocellular Neurons Send Axon Collaterals to the Posterior Pituitary and Retina or to the Posterior Pituitary and Autonomic Preganglionic Centers of the Eye in Rats

Csáki, Ágnes; Köves, Katalin; Boldogkői, Zsolt; Tombácz, Dóra; Tóth, Zsuzsanna

doi:10.3390/neurosci2010002

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…OT regulates visual activity at multiple levels. Histologically, the same magnocellular neurons can send axon collaterals to the posterior pituitary and retina or autonomic preganglionic centers of the eyes in rats ( Csáki et al, 2021 ). Under pathological conditions, intravitreal application of OT reduces diabetic retinopathy by significantly increasing outer nuclear layer thickness of the retina in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats ( Degirmenci et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Regulation Of Sensorimotor Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural Functions of Hypothalamic Oxytocin and its Regulation

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

ASN Neuro

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Oxytocin (OT), a nonapeptide, has a variety of functions. Despite extensive studies on OT over past decades, our understanding of its neural functions and their regulation remains incomplete. OT is mainly produced in OT neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and accessory nuclei between the SON and PVN. OT exerts neuromodulatory effects in the brain and spinal cord. While magnocellular OT neurons in the SON and PVN mainly innervate the pituitary and forebrain regions, and parvocellular OT neurons in the PVN innervate brainstem and spinal cord, the two sets of OT neurons have close interactions histologically and functionally. OT expression occurs at early life to promote mental and physical development, while its subsequent decrease in expression in later life stage accompanies aging and diseases. Adaptive changes in this OT system, however, take place under different conditions and upon the maturation of OT release machinery. OT can modulate social recognition and behaviors, learning and memory, emotion, reward, and other higher brain functions. OT also regulates eating and drinking, sleep and wakefulness, nociception and analgesia, sexual behavior, parturition, lactation and other instinctive behaviors. OT regulates the autonomic nervous system, and somatic and specialized senses. Notably, OT can have different modulatory effects on the same function under different conditions. Such divergence may derive from different neural connections, OT receptor gene dimorphism and methylation, and complex interactions with other hormones. In this review, brain functions of OT and their underlying neural mechanisms as well as the perspectives of their clinical usage are presented.

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Section: Regulation Of Sensorimotor Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reduce diabetic retinopathy (Csáki et al, 2021;Degirmenci et al, 2019;Halbach et al, 2015;Marsh et al, 2021;York et al, 2017)…”

Section: Key Consideration Of Ot Clinical Trialsunclassified

Neural Functions of Hypothalamic Oxytocin and its Regulation

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

ASN Neuro

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“…A recent high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing study suggests that some amacrine cells express neuropeptide genes, including Oxt [ 23 ]. However, oxytocin protein was not detected in mouse amacrine cells [ 20 ], so we infer that the retinal endogenous oxytocin may be from oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamus via blood circulation or direct projection [ 57 ]. The concentration of plasma oxytocin in adult mice is reported to be ~ 4 ng/ml [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of oxytocin receptors in mouse GABAergic amacrine cells modulates retinal dopaminergic signaling

Wang

Han

et al. 2022

BMC Biol

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Background Oxytocin, secreted by oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamus, is an endogenous neuropeptide involved in modulating multiple sensory information processing pathways, and its roles in the brain have been associated with prosocial, maternal, and feeding-related behaviors. Visual information is necessary for initiating these behaviors, with the retina consisting of the first stage in the visual system mediating external stimulus perception. Oxytocin has been detected in the mammalian retina; however, the expression and possible function of oxytocin receptors (OxtR) in the retina remain unknown. Here, we explore the role of oxytocin in regulating visual information processing in the retina. Results We observed that OxtR mRNA and protein are expressed in the mouse retina. With Oxtr-Cre transgenic mice, immunostaining, and fluorescence in situ hybridization, we found that OxtRs are mainly expressed in GABAergic amacrine cells (ACs) in both the inner nuclear layer (INL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL). Further immunoreactivity studies showed that GABAergic OxtR+ neurons are mainly cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons in the INL and are cholinergic and corticotrophin-releasing hormone neurons in the GCL. Surprisingly, a high level of Oxtr mRNAs was detected in retinal dopaminergic neurons, and exogenous oxytocin application activated dopaminergic neurons to elevate the retinal dopamine level. Relying on in vivo electroretinographic recording, we found that activating retinal OxtRs reduced the activity of bipolar cells via OxtRs and dopamine receptors. Conclusions These data indicate the functional expression of OxtRs in retinal GABAergic ACs, especially dopaminergic ACs, and expand the interactions between oxytocinergic and dopaminergic systems. This study suggests that visual perception, from the first stage of information processing in the retina, is modulated by hypothalamic oxytocin signaling.

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“…Oxytocin immunostaining revealed that some double-virus-labeled cells contain oxytocin as well. Figure 3 shows triple labeling in the SON and PVN of an adult 2-month-old rat [77].…”

Section: Usefulness Fluorescence Virus Tracers In the Study Of Neural...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Molecules That Help Reveal Previously Unidentified Neural Connections in Adult, Neonatal and Peripubertal Mammals

Vasziné Szabó,

Köves,

Csáki

2023

IJMS

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One hundred and twenty-five years ago there was a lively discussion between Hungarian and Spanish neuroscientists on the nature of neural connections. The question was whether the neurofibrils run from one neuron to the next and connect neurons as a continuous network or the fibrils form an internal skeleton in the neurons and do not leave the cell; however, there is close contact between the neurons. About 50 years later, the invention of the electron microscope solved the problem. Close contacts between individual neurons were identified and named as synapses. In the following years, the need arose to explore distant connections between neuronal structures. Tracing techniques entered neuroscience. There are three major groups of tracers: (A) non-transsynaptic tracers used to find direct connections between two neuronal structures; (B) tracers passing gap junctions; (C) transsynaptic tracers passing synapses that are suitable to explore multineuronal circuits. According to the direction of the transport mechanism, the tracer may be ante- or retrograde. In this review, we focus on the ever-increasing number of fluorescent tracers that we have also used in our studies. The advantage of the use of these molecules is that the fluorescence of the tracer can be seen in histological sections without any other processes. Genes encoding fluorescent molecules can be inserted in various neuropeptide or neurotransmitter expressing transcriptomes. This makes it possible to study the anatomy, development or functional relations of these neuronal networks in transgenic animals.

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The Same Magnocellular Neurons Send Axon Collaterals to the Posterior Pituitary and Retina or to the Posterior Pituitary and Autonomic Preganglionic Centers of the Eye in Rats

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Neural Functions of Hypothalamic Oxytocin and its Regulation

Neural Functions of Hypothalamic Oxytocin and its Regulation

Activation of oxytocin receptors in mouse GABAergic amacrine cells modulates retinal dopaminergic signaling

Fluorescent Molecules That Help Reveal Previously Unidentified Neural Connections in Adult, Neonatal and Peripubertal Mammals

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