The main subject of our work is the Samaritans. Firstly, it will provide a general information about the principles of faith of this religious community that has been living in the territory of the Palestine for centuries. The major sticking point between the Orthodox Jews and the Samaritans is the debate about the origins of the Samaritans. Their approach of that debate, in terms of their history and resources, will be discussed. Today, the Samaritans live in Luza village (Kiryat Luza) near Nablus, Palestine and in Holon near Tel Aviv, Israel. In the next chapter, their life in Holon will be focused on. The relations with the State of Israel and the Jews, the issue of how the problem of origin effects these relations will be discussed with examples from the today's world.