The Salmonella Pathogenicity Island-1 and -2 Encoded Type III Secretion Systems

Wisner, Amanda L. S.; Desin, Taseen S.; White, Aaron P.; Potter, Andrew; Köster, Wolfgang

doi:10.5772/29203

Cited by 11 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(158 reference statements)

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“…Central to Salmonella pathogenesis is its ability to modify host cell biology via two type-three secretion systems (T3SS), T3SS-1 and T3SS-2 ( 132 ). These specialized organelles span the bacterial inner and outer membranes and allow for the delivery of effector proteins into the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells ( 133 , 134 ). Type-three secretion systems are found exclusively in Gram-negative bacteria ( 135 , 136 ).…”

Section: Strategies Of In Vivo Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Type-three secretion systems are found exclusively in Gram-negative bacteria ( 135 , 136 ). For Salmonella , genes for the T3SS-1 or T3SS-2 apparatus, regulatory components, and nearly all associated effector proteins are found within horizontally acquired DNA regions known as Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPIs) ( 134 ). The SPI-1 region contains genes associated with T3SS-1, is found in all serovars of S. enterica and S. bongori , and is important for the invasion of intestinal epithelial cells ( 137 , 138 ).…”

Section: Strategies Of In Vivo Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the Link between Biofilm Formation and the Ability of Pathogenic Salmonella Strains to Colonize Multiple Host Species

et al. 2017

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Salmonella are important pathogens worldwide and a predominant number of human infections are zoonotic in nature. The ability of strains to form biofilms, which is a multicellular behavior characterized by the aggregation of cells, is predicted to be a conserved strategy for increased persistence and survival. It may also contribute to the increasing number of infections caused by ingestion of contaminated fruits and vegetables. There is a correlation between biofilm formation and the ability of strains to colonize and replicate within the intestines of multiple host species. These strains predominantly cause localized gastroenteritis infections in humans. In contrast, there are salmonellae that cause systemic, disseminated infections in a select few host species; these "invasive" strains have a narrowed host range, and most are unable to form biofilms. This includes host-restricted Salmonella serovar Typhi, which are only able to infect humans, and atypical gastroenteritis strains associated with the opportunistic infection of immunocompromised patients. From the perspective of transmission, biofilm formation is advantageous for ensuring pathogen survival in the environment. However, from an infection point of view, biofilm formation may be an anti-virulence trait. We do not know if the capacity to form biofilms prevents a strain from accessing the systemic compartments within the host or if loss of the biofilm phenotype reflects a change in a strain's interaction with the host. In this review, we examine the connections between biofilm formation, Salmonella disease states, degrees of host adaptation, and how this might relate to different transmission patterns. A better understanding of the dynamic lifecycle of Salmonella will allow us to reduce the burden of livestock and human infections caused by these important pathogens.

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Section: Strategies Of In Vivo Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strategies Of In Vivo Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Link between Biofilm Formation and the Ability of Pathogenic Salmonella Strains to Colonize Multiple Host Species

et al. 2017

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“…Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPI) are large genetic elements with pathogenic properties (Hacker & Carniel, 2001). SPI-1 encodes the components of a Type III Secretion System (TTSS), a complex protein secretion system, and other proteins required for the invasion of non-phagocytic cells and the activation of the inflammatory response (de Jong et al, 2012;Wisner et al, 2012). The islands are also involved in Salmonella recognition and multiplication within macrophages, in iron metabolism, and in endotoxin production (Álvarez, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Enterica Serotypes Isolated from Poultry Sources in Brazil

Borges

Furian

Souza

et al. 2019

Braz. J. Poult. Sci.

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Salmonella spp. remain among the most important agents of foodborne diseases worldwide. The importance of Salmonella spp. in public health is linked to their wide range of antimicrobial resistance and to their pathogenicity and virulence in both human and animal hosts. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns for Salmonella serotypes isolated from poultry sources in Brazil and to detect virulence-associated genes and verify their association with specific serotypes. A total of 163 strains of Salmonella enterica isolated from poultry sources in Southern Brazil were selected, and each belonged to one of 11 different serotypes. They were tested against ten antibiotics and examined for the presence of 26 virulence-associated genes by PCR. S. Typhimurium, S. Bredeney, S. Schwarzengrund and S. Tennessee showed the highest overall resistance rates. Approximately 18% of Salmonella strains were classified as multidrug-resistant strains. Our results indicate associations between antimicrobial resistance and specific serotypes. Most of the investigated genes presented a high frequency and a regular distribution, regardless of the serotype. Eight genes are positively or negatively associated with at least one serotype. The observed associations between antimicrobial resistance and specific serotypes are useful in developing specific control and treatment measures for each serotype. Despite the virulence genes being evenly distributed among the serotypes, some of these genes are associated with specific serotypes, and sefA, sopEand lpfA were selected as possible markers of Salmonella serotypes.

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“…Salmonella infections exhibit a complex pathogenesis in which numerous virulence genes are involved 2 . These genes are clustered within Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) and 21 such islands (SPI-1 to SPI-21) have been reported to date 3 . However, different serovars show variations in occurrence of these SPIs and individual genes 4 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex-PCR Assay for Detection of some Major Virulence Genes of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovars from Diverse Sources

et al. 2016

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The Salmonella Pathogenicity Island-1 and -2 Encoded Type III Secretion Systems

Cited by 11 publications

References 103 publications

Examining the Link between Biofilm Formation and the Ability of Pathogenic Salmonella Strains to Colonize Multiple Host Species

Examining the Link between Biofilm Formation and the Ability of Pathogenic Salmonella Strains to Colonize Multiple Host Species

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Enterica Serotypes Isolated from Poultry Sources in Brazil

Multiplex-PCR Assay for Detection of some Major Virulence Genes of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovars from Diverse Sources

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