The Salmon Seismic Experiment

Werth, G.C.; Randolph, Philip

doi:10.1029/jz071i014p03405

Cited by 17 publications

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“…The primary goal of this series of tests was to evaluate the effect of source decoupling. Decoupling has a profound effect on the estimates of yield from seismic waves [Werth and Randolph, 1966;Herbst et al, 1961;Patterson, 1966] and is therefore important in some evasion scenarios. Figure 1 shows a schematic of the Salmon cavity as determined from direct observations from boreholes and indirect observations using geophysical means [Rawson et al, 1966].…”

Section: Sterling and Its Strong Motion Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic analysis of strong motion P and SV waves from the Sterling Event

Langston¹

1983

J. Geophys. Res.

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P and SV velocity waveforms from the Sterling explosion of December 3, 1966, are analyzed from a point of view often taken in earthquake source studies. The detonation occurred in the cavity excavated by the Salmon explosion within the Tatum salt dome, Mississippi. Velocity recordings taken from nearby borehole strong motion instruments show the occurrence of significant SV energy (Perret, 1968a, b). Kinematic source models are constructed by considering constraints afforded by the preshot cavity, condition of the surrounding material, and aspects of the P and SV waveforms such as wave polarity and duration. Waveforms for these models are computed and compared directly with the data. Modeling results suggest that the SV waves were radiated primarily by induced normal faulting occurring beneath the cavity rather than by an asymmetric pressure distribution based on the preshot cavity geometry. Secondary arrivals within the P waveforms and SV amplitudes suggest that these normal faults also had a component of tensional displacement which was probably due to forceable injection of material from the blast. A measurement for Qβ of 35 is obtained for salt from the amplitude decay arid pulse width changes observed for SV waves along a profile taken at shot level. This value for Qβ is for the region away from the cracked area induced by the previous Salmon explosion and qualitatively explains the differing frequency content observed at the closest Sterling sensors between P and SV waves. The anomalous SV radiation has little to do with ‘tectonic’ stress release but is a result of the medium's geometry and anisotropy.

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Section: Sterling and Its Strong Motion Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic analysis of strong motion P and SV waves from the Sterling Event

Langston¹

1983

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…The functions C mn (r, p, q) and S mn (r, p, q) of three arguments are the real and imaginary parts of the known integrals % 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Gnome 3.1 [15] 360 [16] 2200 [11] 4080 [11] 3120 [17] 2740 [11] 0.17 [11] 1040 895 82 4.4 7.0 6.0 Salmon 5.3 [18] 828 [18] 2240 [15] 4670 [19] 3700 [18,19] 3770 [14] 0.06 [14] 700 719 57 14.4 3. 2 3.3 which are expressed explicitly as C 00 (r, p, q) = M/R, S 00 (r, p, q) = N/R,…”

Section: Rayleigh Wavementioning

confidence: 99%

Movement of the ground in Rayleigh waves produced by underground explosions

Симоненко

Shishkin

Шишкина

2006

J Appl Mech Tech Phys

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Analytic representations are obtained for the displacement and stress fields in the Rayleigh surface wave (R-wave) generated in an elastic half-space by an internal source that produces the same seismic P -wave as an underground explosion. Oscillograms, particle trajectories, and stresses in the halfspace and on its surface are calculated. Relations for the energy flux in the R-wave are obtained. For rock salt, the fraction of the explosion energy transferred to the R-wave is estimated. It is established that this fraction can reach values of about 1% of the total explosion energy if the explosion is a contained one. As the charge depth is increased, the energy of the R-wave decreases in approximately inverse proportion to the depth.Introduction. Elastic surface Rayleigh waves (R-waves) [1] result from dynamic actions on the surface of elastic bodies. In structures of small dimensions, they are used as ultrasonic waves. Rayleigh waves are also observed in large structures and engineering constructions. In addition, R-waves are produced by explosions, earthquakes, and impacts of cosmic bodies on the planets. Seismic R-waves are used to probe the Earth's crust and to study its structure, and long R-waves are used to study the Earth's mantle. Rayleigh waves produced by explosions contain a significant fraction of the explosion energy, and at a certain distance from the epicenter, they dominate the other seismic waves. They contain information on the energy source and the properties of the medium. For example, records of R-waves from some underground nuclear explosions suggest that spall fracture of the medium occurs at the epicenters of the explosions [2]. In [3], it is shown that during impacts of cosmic bodies on the Earth, the focusing of R-waves in the antipode region (the region opposite to the site of impact) can lead to the formation of unusual geological structures such as explosion pipes or diatremes.Rayleigh waves produced by a point source in an elastic half-space were considered in [4][5][6]. Petrashen' [7] studied the Lamb problem for the case of an isotropic elastic sphere and obtained expressions for Rayleigh waves on the surface of an elastic sphere. Onis'ko and Shemyakin [8] studied the movement of the ground surface for an explosion in a half-space, and Alterman and Abramovici [9] explored the movement of the surface of an elastic sphere for a contained explosion. Brekhovskikh [10] investigated Rayleigh waves produced by a harmonious source and propagating along the curved surface of an elastic body. The present paper gives more detailed results for Rayleigh waves on both the surface of an elastic half-space and inside it for explosions at a great depth. The energy flux transferred by the Rayleigh wave is considered, and the fraction of the explosion energy converted into the R-wave energy is estimated. Such data are required to obtain more exact estimates of the damage to various engineering constructions from R-waves and describe the dynamic geological processes occurring in the regions that are ...

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“…This is beyond the 8-Mt'a shear strength assumed for the salt, so local failure must have occurred and the stress distribution was not given by Eqs. (10) and (11), which are for an elastic medium.…”

Section: '(F)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculations on seismic coupling of underground explosions in salt

Heusinkveld¹

1981

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The Salmon Seismic Experiment

Cited by 17 publications

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Kinematic analysis of strong motion P and SV waves from the Sterling Event

Kinematic analysis of strong motion P and SV waves from the Sterling Event

Movement of the ground in Rayleigh waves produced by underground explosions

Calculations on seismic coupling of underground explosions in salt

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