The Salivary Lactoperoxidase System in Caries-resistant and -susceptible Adults

Mandel, Irwin D.; Behrman, Jack; Levy, R I; Weinstein, David E.

doi:10.1177/00220345830620081501

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In human saliva, the levels of OSCN-range from 10 to 250 p.M (17,22,33,34,36) with an average of ca. 40 ,uM (34).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growing interest has recently been focused on innate, nonimmunoglobulin defense factors in the human mouth (14; I. D. Mandel and S. A. Ellison, in K. M. Pruitt and J. Tenovuo, ed., Chemistry and Biological Significance of the Lactoperoxidase System, in press) and on their possible association with dental caries (7,17) or periodontal diseases (12,13). However, because many innate (lysozyme, peroxidase, lactoferrin, agglutinins, etc.)…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The hypothiocyanite ion is a normal component of human parotid (22), submandibular (17), and whole saliva (34,36) with normal values ranging from 10 to 250 ,uM (17,22,33,34,36). At low pH, the major product is hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN) which is in an acid-base equilibrium with OSCN-(pK 5.3) (37).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Antibacterial effect of lactoperoxidase and myeloperoxidase against Bacillus cereus

Tenovuo¹,

Mäkinen²,

Sievers³

1985

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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An oral periodontopathic bacterium, Bacillus cereus, was inhibited both by lactoperoxidase (LP) and myeloperoxidase (MP) antimicrobial systems. With the LP-SCN--H202 system, the growth inhibition was directly proportional to the amount of OSCN-ions present. The OSCN-, which is the principal oxidation product of the LP (or MP)-SCN--H202 system at neutral pH, is a normal component of human saliva. The oxidation products of both peroxidase systems inhibited the growth of the bacteria. This inhibition was associated with reduced extracellular release of collagenase activity from the cells. With LP, the antimicrobial efficiency of the oxidizable substrates was SCN-> I-, and with MP, the efficiency was I-> Cl > SCN-, respectively. LP did not oxidize Cl1.

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“…In human saliva, the levels of OSCN-range from 10 to 250 p.M (17,22,33,34,36) with an average of ca. 40 ,uM (34).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibacterial effect of lactoperoxidase and myeloperoxidase against Bacillus cereus

Tenovuo¹,

Mäkinen²,

Sievers³

1985

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…The HOSCN/OSCN generated in the mouth by oral per oxidase systems , or secreted from the major salivary glands Mandel et al, 1983] is an important, nonimmune defense factor for oral health [Tenovuo, 1991]. The HOSCN/OSCN is antimicro bial against a number of oral pathogens, such as mutans streptococci (including Streptococcus mutans) and lactobapH 7.6+0.2 pH 5.5±0.1 Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride Inhibits the Antimicrobial Peroxidase Systems in Human Whole Saliva

et al. 1994

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Fluoride (F^-) ions at concentrations present in vivo at the plaque/enamel interface (0.05–10 mM) inhibited the 4activities of lactoperoxidase (LP), myeloperoxidase (MP) and total salivary peroxidase (TSP) in a pH- and dose-dependent way. The inhibition was observed only at pH ≤ 6.5 and with F concentrations ≥ 0.1 mM. At pH 5.5 LP activity was inhibited by 85% and MP by 34% with 10 mM F^-. TSP activity was also inhibited only at low pH (5.5) by approximately 25%. Furthermore, the generation of the actual antimicrobial agent in vivo, hypothiocyanite (HOSCN/OSCN), of the oral peroxidase systems was inhibited by F^-, again at low pH (5.0–5.5) both in buffer (by 45%) and in saliva (by 15%). This inhibition was observed only with the highest F^- concentrations studied (5–10 mM). Fluoridated toothpaste (with 0.10 or 0.14% F) mixed with saliva did not inhibit TSP or HOSCN/OSCN generation. This may have been due to the ‘buffering’ effect of toothpaste which did not allow salivary pH to drop below 5.9. We conclude that the F^- ions in acidic fluoride products, e.g. in gels or varnishes (but not in toothpastes), may have the potential to locally inhibit the generation of a nonimmune host defense factor, HOSCN/OSCN/SCN produced by oral peroxidase systems. The possible clinical significance of this finding remains to be shown.

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“…Saliva collected directly from the parotid and other salivaryglandscontains OSCN-, indicating that there isa source of H 202 within the glands and that SCN-is oxidized prior to secretion into the oral cavity (Pruitt et al, 1983;Mandel et al, 1987). Therefore, at least part of the OSCN-detected in mixed saliva is endogenous to saliva and not dependent on H 0 production by oral bacteria.…”

Section: Comparison Of Assay Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukocyte Myeloperoxidase and Salivary Lactoperoxidase: Identification and Quantitation in Human Mixed Saliva

et al. 1994

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Human salivary lactoperoxidase (HS-LP) is synthesized and secreted by the salivary glands, whereas myeloperoxidase (MPO) is found in PMN leukocytes, which migrate into the oral cavity at gingival crevices. HS-LP levels vary with changes in salivary gland function, but increased numbers of MPO-containing leukocytes indicate infection or inflammation of oral tissues. To determine the contribution of each enzyme to the peroxidase activity of mixed-saliva samples, activity was assayed at pH 5.4 with tetramethylbenzidine as the substrate, with and without the inhibitor dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone). Dapsone blocked the activity of HS-LP but not MPO. The enzymes were also separated and partially purified from the soluble portion of saliva samples and from detergent extracts of the saliva sediment. Chromatographic properties of the proteins were similar to those of LP from bovine milk (BM-LP) and MPO from human leukocytes. The identity and amounts of the enzymes were confirmed by the absorption spectra and by immunoblotting with antibodies to BM-LP and human MPO. Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), a distinct enzyme found in eosinophilic leukocytes, was not detected by chromatography or with antibodies to human EPO. On average, 75% of the activity in samples from normal donors was due to MPO and 25% to HS-LP. When corrected for the lower specific activity of HS-LP in this assay, the average amount of MPO (3.6 micrograms/mL) was twice the amount of HS-LP (1.9 micrograms/mL). The amount of MPO corresponded to 1 x 10(6) PMN leukocytes/mL of saliva. The enzymes were distributed differently: Eighty-nine percent of the HS-LP was in the soluble portion of saliva, and 78% of the MPO was in the sediment, which contained 51% of the total activity. In contrast to results obtained with PMN leukocytes from blood, detergent was not required for MPO activity to be measured in saliva, indicating that the enzyme was accessible to peroxidase substrates. The results indicate that MPO is responsible for a large portion of peroxidase-catalyzed reactions in mixed saliva. The unique function of HS-LP may be carried out within the salivary glands, prior to secretion into the oral cavity.

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The Salivary Lactoperoxidase System in Caries-resistant and -susceptible Adults

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Antibacterial effect of lactoperoxidase and myeloperoxidase against Bacillus cereus

Antibacterial effect of lactoperoxidase and myeloperoxidase against Bacillus cereus

Fluoride Inhibits the Antimicrobial Peroxidase Systems in Human Whole Saliva

Leukocyte Myeloperoxidase and Salivary Lactoperoxidase: Identification and Quantitation in Human Mixed Saliva

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