The Saharan dust episode of south and central Europe, and northern Scandinavia, March 1991

Franzén, Lars G.; Hjelmroos, Mervi; Kållberg, Per; Rapp, Anders; Mattsson, Jan O.; Brorström-Lundén, Eva

doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1995.tb06139.x

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The global pattern of major dust transport pathways is depicted in Figure 1 along with estimates of emissions from major source regions and deposition to the oceans. Saharan dust, for instance, has been monitored across West Africa [30], as well as much further afield, including northern Europe [31], the Caucasus Mountains [32], Caribbean islands [33], North America [34], and South America [35]. Indeed, the Earth system effects of dust from the Sahara-the planet's largest source of desert dust-are plentiful.…”

Section: The Scale Of Sds Impacts: Countries Affectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, other countries receive desert dust while also experiencing some wind erosion on their own soils. Sweden is an example here [28,31]. In all these cases, a judgment call has been made regarding each country's SDS source area [45] SDS deposition area [44] Soil erosion by wind [62] No SDS activity/wind erosion [45] This classification of countries according to the global distribution of SDS impacts is simple and involves some degree of expert judgment, as outlined below, but it certainly indicates the globally extensive nature of SDS issues.…”

Section: The Scale Of Sds Impacts: Countries Affectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Scale Of Sds Impacts: Countries Affectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sand and Dust Storms: Impact Mitigation

2017

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Sand and dust storms (SDS) play an integral role in the Earth system but they also present a range of hazards to the environmental and economic sustainability of human society. These hazards are of considerable importance for residents of dryland environments and also affect people beyond drylands because wind erosion can occur in most environments and desert dust events often involve long-range transport over great distances (>1000 km). This paper makes an assessment of the scale of SDS impacts by totalling the countries affected using an appraisal of peer-reviewed published sources, arriving at a conservative estimate that 77% of all parties to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) are affected directly by SDS issues. We then present a synthesis of the environmental management techniques designed to mitigate SDS hazards for disaster risk reduction and review policy measures, both historical and contemporary, for SDS impact mitigation. Although many SDS hazards are well-known, the processes involved and their impacts are not all equally well-understood. Policies designed to mitigate the impacts of wind erosion in agricultural areas have been developed in certain parts of the world but policies designed to mitigate the wider impacts of SDS, including many that are transboundary, are geographically patchy and have a much shorter history. Further development and wider implementation of such policies is advocated because of the recent marked increase in wind erosion and associated dust storms in several parts of the world.

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Section: The Scale Of Sds Impacts: Countries Affectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Scale Of Sds Impacts: Countries Affectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sand and Dust Storms: Impact Mitigation

2017

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“…Damages were also reported in Mongolia, China, Korea and Japan (Yang et al, 2006;Zhang, 2006). SDS episode is influenced by synoptic circulation patterns of both regional and global scales (Franzen, 1995;Wang et al, 2006;Xu, 1997;Zhao, 1993). Around the latitude band of 40 • N where arid and semiarid areas are located, such as the area of Mongolia, North of China, Sahara of Africa, westerly jet stream carries the wind-blown dust particles and transports them into other parts of the globe (Zhang et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand/dust storm processes in Northeast Asia and associated large-scale circulations

et al. 2008

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Abstract. This paper introduces a definition of sand/dust storm process as a new standard and idea of sand/dust storm (SDS) groups a number of SDS-events in Northeast Asia. Based on the meteorological data from WMO/GOS network, 2456 Chinese surface stations and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis, the sand/dust storm processes in Northeast Asia in spring 2000–2006 are investigated. And the evolutions of anomalies of general circulation in the troposphere are analyzed by comparing the spring having most and least occurrences of SDS in year 2006 and 2003. Associated with the noticeably increased occurrence of SDS processes in spring 2006, the anomalies in 3-D structure of general circulation especially in the mid-and high latitudes of the Northen Hemisphere (NH) are revealed. The transition period from the winter of 2005 to spring 2006 has witnessed a fast-developed high center over the circumpolar vortex area in the upper troposphere, which pushes the polar vortex more southwards to mid-latitudes with a more extensive area over the east NH. In spring 2006, there are the significant circulation anomalies in the middle troposphere from the Baikal Lake to northern China with a stronger southward wind anomaly over Northeast Asia. Compared with a normal year, stronger meridional wind with a southward wind anomaly also in the lower troposphere prevail over the arid and semiarid regions in Mongolia and northern China during spring 2006. The positive anomalies of surface high pressure registered an abnormal high of 4–10 hPa in the Tamil Peninsular make a stronger cold air source for the repeated cold air outbreak across the desert areas in spring 2006 resulting in the most frequent SDS seasons in the last 10 years in Northeast Asia.

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“…Yaalon (1996) has indicated that North Africa is a source of dust for southern European dust deposition. Franzen et al (1995) made analyzed sand-dust storm processes that occurred in central and southern Europe and the north of Scandinavia in March 1991, which originated from the Sahara Desert, and they concluded that the sand-dust of the Sahara Desert was transported and accumulated in the northern region of Germany. The affected area of the sand-dust storm process of this sand-dust storm in March 1991 was at least 3.2 × 105 km 2 .…”

Section: Spatial and Temporal Distribution Of Sand And Dust Stormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Sand Storms/Dust Storms on Agriculture

Sivakumar¹

Natural Disasters and Extreme Events in Agriculture

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The drylands of the world are affected by moderate to severe land degradation from wind erosion and there is evidence that the frequency of sand storms/dust storms in increasing. Human induced change is by far the most significant factor in the alarming increase of sand storms in some regions. The definition of sand storms and dust storms were presented and the classifications currently in use were discussed. The occurrence of wind erosion at any place is a function of weather events interacting with soil and land management through its effects on soil structure, tilth and vegetation cover. The mechanics of sand and dust storms and their spatial and temporal distribution was described. The impacts of sand and dust storms were described in terms of crop damage, soil productivity losses, economic losses, mass migration, health impacts, and impacts on climate. Not all the impacts are negative and the positive impacts of sand and dust storms were described. Measures to combat sand and dust storms include reduction of the impact of wind speed through the use of live wind breaks or shelterbelts; protection of the loose soil particles through the use of crop residues or plastic sheets or chemical adhesives; and increasing the cohesion of soil particles by mechanical tillage operations or soil mulching. Future strategies for reducing the impacts of sand storms and dust storms must be based on communitybased approaches that integrate effective crop and land management strategies as well as policy interventions to promote more effective soil conservation measures at the national and regional scales.

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The Saharan dust episode of south and central Europe, and northern Scandinavia, March 1991

Cited by 34 publications

References 6 publications

Sand and Dust Storms: Impact Mitigation

Sand and Dust Storms: Impact Mitigation

Sand/dust storm processes in Northeast Asia and associated large-scale circulations

Impacts of Sand Storms/Dust Storms on Agriculture

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