The SAGE Handbook of Personality and Individual Differences: Volume I: The Science of Personality and Individual Differences

Abstract

Socioanalytic theory of personality provides a perspective on human nature based on insights from: Charles Darwin about human evolution; Sigmund Freud about unconscious motivation; and George Herbert Mead about the dynamics of social interaction. This chapter presents the basic assumptions of socioanalytic personality theory, reviews supporting empirical evidence and practical implications of the theory in the fields of leadership and faking in personnel selection. Finally, socioanalytic theory is positioned in the context of trait and clinical theories of personality. Socioanalytic theory differs from the other two theories of personality primarily by rejecting introspection as a valid source of data. In addition, trait theory has a "pure science" agenda with minimal concern for applications, whereas clinical theories and socioanalytic theory have an applied agenda-helping people improve their lives. people, groups that contain grandparents, parents, and children. They live in fixed territories which they must defend against other groups. They maintain morale and solidarity by gift giving and other forms of exchange, and by ritualized social interaction ─ which includes festivals and religious ceremonies. Some groups are egalitarian, some are authoritarian, but all have status hierarchies. Most believe that they are a special people and distrust foreigners. Finally, disputes inside the groups and warfare between the groups are constant. Groups with superior technology and social organization overwhelm, enslave, or destroy groups with inferior technology and social organization. Technology and social organization are the keys to group survival, which makes it important for the younger generation to learn the culture of its group. These themes reflect about 1,000,000 years of human experience and are the unconscious background for the development of individual personality. People lived in hunter gatherer groups until the invention of agriculture about 13,000 years ago; agriculture allowed much larger communities to develop. Modern industrial society is about 150 years old and has led to huge urban centers. Life in large cities is easier in some ways than life in a huntergatherer group ─ food, water, and electricity are generally available ─ but more difficult in other ways ─ we no longer know or trust our neighbors. We are adapted to living in conditions that no longer exist, and that explains much of the malaise of modern urban living ─ which Durkheim (1897) referred to as anomie. Basic motives Sociology, anthropology, and primate research contain three important generalizations about human nature (Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1989; Fardon, et al., 2012; Mead, 1934). The first is that people always live in groups; this suggests that they are inherently social, that at a deep and unconscious level, people need companionship and social acceptance (cf. Baumeister & Leary, 1995). These tendencies reflect the fact that group living has crucial survival implications ─ solitary primates and humans do not live very long. The second ...

Attentive to Individual: A Multimodal Emotion Recognition Network with Personalized Attention Profile

“…Specifically, we use the 'Linguistic Inquiry Word Count' (LIWC-2007) tool [26], which includes 64 semantic word categories such as standard linguistic words, words related to psychological processes, personal concerns, spoken patterns, etc. The LIWC have been known to be related to a variety of one's personal attributes such as age, gender, and personality traits [27,28]. To compute a personal profile embedding vector, gp, we first perform LIWC counts on the improvised portion of each speaker in the IEMOCAP database to derive a 64-dimensional psycholinguistic norm vector per speaker.…”