The safety of oral use of l-glutamine in middle-aged and elderly individuals

Galera, Siulmara Cristina; Fechine, Francisco Vagnaldo; Teixeira, Maria Jânia; Coêlho, Zirlane Castelo Branco; Vasconcelos, Renata dos Santos; Vasconcelos, Paulo Roberto Leitão de

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2009.05.013

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Furthermore, Gln may suppress the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, improving the control of inflammation [18]. Even though Gln is the most abundant and versatile amino acid in the body, it is classified as a conditionally essential amino acid because under some stress situations (or during aging), the human body reduces the ability to synthesize sufficient quantities of this amino acid, which can compromise many body and cellular functions [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Glutamine Supplementation Improves the Benefits of Combined-Exercise Training on Oral Redox Balance and Inflammatory Status in Elderly Individuals

Almeida

Santos

Paixão

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Although regular combined aerobic-resistance exercises can ameliorate the inflammatory status and redox balance in elderly population, it is unclear whether protein or specific amino acid supplementation could improve such benefits. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the inflammatory status and redox indexes through of the saliva of 34 elderly subject nonpractitioners (NP group, 73.3±6.6 years) and 49 elderly subject practitioners of a combined-exercise training in moderate intensity (CET group, 71.9±5.8 years) before (pre) and after (post) 30 days of supplementation with L-glutamine (Gln) or placebo (PL). Our results showed that, both in pre- and postsupplementation, the salivary levels of nitric oxide (NO⋅) and TNF-α were lower, whereas the levels of uric acid and IL-10 (as well as IL-10/TNF-α ratio) were higher in the CET groups than in the NP groups. In postsupplementation, both groups supplemented with Gln (NP-Gln and CET-Gln) showed higher salivary uric acid levels compared to baseline. In addition, lower NO⋅ levels were found in the CET-Gln group postsupplementation than presupplementation values. Whereas the CET-Gln group showed lower GSH levels postsupplementation, NP-Gln subjects showed lower GSSG levels at the same time point, both compared to baseline. Interestingly, salivary peroxidase activity was lower only in NP groups (NP-PL and NP-Gln) postsupplementation than baseline values. A positive significant correlation between salivary peroxidase activity and GSH levels, and also between salivary peroxidase activity and uric acid levels were observed in the CET-Gln group both pre- and postsupplementation. No differences were found in albumin, total antioxidant activity (TEAC), and reducing power analysis between groups, pre- or postsupplementation. In conclusion, the elderly subjects from the CET group showed a better inflammatory response and redox balance and, for the first time, it was shown that daily supplementation with Gln for 30 days can improve these benefits with putative association with a healthy aging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Glutamine Supplementation Improves the Benefits of Combined-Exercise Training on Oral Redox Balance and Inflammatory Status in Elderly Individuals

Almeida

Santos

Paixão

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…It is the most abundant free amino acid of the human body [3]. It comprises about 20% of free amino acids in plasma and more than 50% of the amino acid pool in human skeletal muscle [4]. It plays role in the maintenance and function of many organs and tissues such as the kidneys, liver, intestine, heart, muscle, neurons, lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and pancreatic β-cells [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Glutamine Supplementation Prevents the Development of Experimental Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Rats

Badole¹,

Jangam²,

Chaudhari³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of L-glutamine on cardiac myopathy in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in overnight fasted Sprague Dawely rats by using intraperitonial injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Nicotinamide (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 20 min before administration of streptozotocin. Experimental rats were divided into Group I: non-diabetic control (distilled water; 10 ml/kg, p.o.), II: diabetic control (distilled water, 10 ml/kg, p.o.), III: L-glutamine (500 mg/kg, p.o.) and IV: L-glutamine (1000 mg/kg, p.o.). All groups were diabetic except group I. The plasma glucose level, body weight, electrocardiographic abnormalities, hemodynamic changes and left ventricular contractile function, biological markers of cardiotoxicity, antioxidant markers were determined after 4 months after STZ with nicotinamide injection. Histopathological changes of heart tissue were carried out by using H and E stain. L-glutamine treatment improved the electrocardiographic, hemodynamic changes; LV contractile function; biological markers; oxidative stress parameters and histological changes in STZ induced diabetic rats. Results from the present investigation demonstrated that L-glutamine has seemed a cardioprotective activity.

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“…When (and preferably) orally given, glutamine may be administered as free amino acid or in its dipeptide forms. However, even though a priori safe, caution should be taken in supplementing middle-aged and elderly individuals with glutamine at the above dosage, as increases in serum urea and creatinine, paralleled by decreased in estimated glomerular filtration rate, have been reported in this specific population after glutamine supplementations [315]. Alternatively, glutamine can be administered as a part of TPN (0.3-0.5 g/kg body weight) and, as such, can reduce the dramatic decrease in glutaminemia and tissue glutamine in glutamine depletion states [294].…”

Section: Physical Exercise Glutamine and Hs Response In Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological regulation of the heat shock response by glutamine: implications for chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases in age-related conditions

Leite

Cruzat

Krause

et al. 2016

Nutrire

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Aging is an intricate process modulated by different molecular and cellular events, such as genome instability, epigenetic and transcriptional changes, molecular damage, cell death and senescence, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Particularly, protein quality control (chaperone systems) tends to be negatively affected by aging, thus leading to cellular senescence in metabolic tissues and, as a consequence, to the increasing dissemination of inflammation throughout the body. The heat shock (HS) response and its associated expression of the 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins (HSP70), which are anti-inflammatory molecular chaperones, are found to be markedly decreased during muscle inactivity and aging, while evidence supports the loss of HSP70 as a key mechanism which may drive muscle atrophy, contractile dysfunction, and reduced regenerative capacity. In addition, abnormal stress response is linked with higher incidence of neurodegenerative diseases as well as low-grade inflammatory diseases that are associated with physical inactivity and obesity. Therefore, strategies to increase or, at least, to maintain the levels of HSP70, and its accompanying HS response to stress, are key to reduce biological cell dysfunctions that occur in aging. In this sense, physical exercise is of note as it is the most powerful inducer of the HS response, comparable only to heat stress and fever-like conditions. On the other hand, the amino acid L-glutamine, whose production within the skeletal muscle and liberation into the blood stream is dependent on muscle activity, is a potentializer of HSP70 expression and HS response, particularly via its entering in hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Herein, we discuss the collaborative role of glutamine (and its donors/precursors) and physical exercise (mostly responsible for glutamine release into the circulation) as potential tools to increase HSP70 expression and the HS response in the elderly.

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The safety of oral use of l-glutamine in middle-aged and elderly individuals

Cited by 26 publications

References 42 publications

L-Glutamine Supplementation Improves the Benefits of Combined-Exercise Training on Oral Redox Balance and Inflammatory Status in Elderly Individuals

L-Glutamine Supplementation Improves the Benefits of Combined-Exercise Training on Oral Redox Balance and Inflammatory Status in Elderly Individuals

L-Glutamine Supplementation Prevents the Development of Experimental Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Rats

Physiological regulation of the heat shock response by glutamine: implications for chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases in age-related conditions

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