The safety benefits of arc resistant metalclad medium voltage switchgear

Kalkstein, E.W.; Doughty, R.L.; Paullin, A.E.; Jackson, Jubin; Ryner, J.L.

doi:10.1109/pcicon.1994.347603

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For medium and high voltage systems, the normally used bus spacings in electrical equipment generally produce arc voltage drops during a fault that are much less than the system voltage drop, and consequently the arc power is less than the maximum possible. An example of this is mentioned in [8] where the authors report that the maximum arc power measured during fault testing of arc resistant switchgear at 10 kV was less than 20% of the maximum 3-phase arc power calculated per [l]. Test results discussed later in the paper will confrm this finding.…”

Section: Energy Produced By Electluc Arcsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Protective clothing guidelines for electric arc exposure

Neal

Bingham²,

Doughty³

Proceedings of 1996 IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference

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Since 1982 when Ralph Lee wrote about "The Other Electrical Hazard: Electric Arc Blast Burns" [l], industrial and utility engineers have been attempting to better quantify the degree of risk to personnel associated with electric arc exposure and the appropriate protactive clothing to wear to mitigate serious injury. Recent activity by OSHA, NFPA 70E and ASTM F-18 has further emphasized the need to protect workers from arc flash burn injuries. This paper discusses the results of recent multiphase arc testing which has enhanced knowledge about: 1) potential arc energy as a function of prospective fault current, and 2) arc protective clothing designs that are suitable for different levels of incident arc energy. Incident energy levels are correlated with second degree burn criteria for unprotected human skin. Protective clothing systems consisting of flame resistant outer layers in singlelayer and multiple-layer construction, as well as combination systems of jlame resistant outer layers with natural and man-made fiber inner layers are discussed Protection recommendations for the face, head, hands and feet are also includedRegulations in OSHA 1910 Subpart R require that employees wear appropriate clothing when they may be exposed to an electric arc hazard. To meet these regulations, employees must not wear clothing that could increase the extent of injury that would be sustained by the employee in the event of electric arc exposure. Clothing made from acetate, nylon, polyester or rayon, either alone or in blends, is prohibited by OSHA 1910.269 unless the employer can demonstrate that the fabric has been treated to withstand the conditions that may be encountered, or that the clothing is worn in a manner that eliminates the hazard. OSHA has issued supplementary guidance for untreated cotton and wool, c l m n g the need for employers to determine that these materials would not ignite in potential arc exposure situations.The most recent edition of NFPA 70E, "Standard for Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces,"[5] was completed at the request of OSHA and was issued by NFPA on February 7, 1995. Part 11, Chapter 3 covers personal protective equipment and requires for body ISBN: 0-7803-3587-2 96-CH35988-6/96/0000-028 1 $05.00 @ 1996 IEEE

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Section: Energy Produced By Electluc Arcsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Protective clothing guidelines for electric arc exposure

Neal

Bingham²,

Doughty³

Proceedings of 1996 IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference

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“…[6] Because the vented system intentionally allows the pressure wave and thermal wave to develop to extreme peak levels, internal unrecoverable cabinet damage is unavoidable. Arc resistant switchgear relief vents open typically near 600PSI.…”

Section: Compendium Of Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collaborative arc flash management solutions in medium voltage switchgear

Krause

Hutchinson

Burns

et al. 2012

2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)

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Many articles have been written about arc flash events mostly with a single focus. This paper brings forth a wider view with time/distance analysis of different arc abatement technologies in medium voltage metalclad switchgear. The IEEE C37.20.7 actual test data from KEMA-Powertest, Inc offers the reader a true snapshot of pressures developed within standard metalclad switchgear enclosure using the latest blend of arc abatement topologies. Comparisons are made between the 3 prevalent technologies which address arc flash by time-magnitude approach boundaries. This paper also addresses the phenomena associated with electrical arcs within medium voltage switchgear by developing an introductory understanding of the generation of an arc and the pressure damages that both equipment and personnel, may encounter.

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“…In the past arc voltage drop has been estimated to be between 25-40 V/cm. [2]. Since the arc voltage drop range is wide, pressure computed from arc energy of Eq.…”

Section: Arc Voltage Dropmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Case I: Arc length and open voltage before arc testing are known [2] Case II: Peak pressure and time to peak are known [3] Case III: Metal volume vaporized in the arc process is known…”

Section: Arc Voltage Dropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal arc pressure assessment of outdoor compact substation

Teera-achariyakul

Hokierti

2005

2005 International Power Engineering Conference

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The medium voltage outdoor compact substations (22-33 kV) which are installed in public area should pass the internal arc test according to IEC 62271-200 Annex A for personnel safety. To design and build a prototype outdoor compact substation to withstand internal arc fault and meet all criterion, it needs to predict the arc pressure due to internal arc fault for construction of compact substation. This paper assesses internal arc pressure due to vaporized metal of compact substation in the arc process. Voltage drop of arc is evaluated in order to calculate arc pressure and the value is 22-25 V/cm. Arc energy to vaporize the metal in arc process is found to be 15.5% of three-phase or phase to phase arc energy to vaporize the copper-copper electrodes. The value of 29% of phase to ground arc energy will be used to vaporize the copper electrode and steel housing. Pressure in the compact substation due to internal arc fault is determined and the result is only 5-10% different from the measured values in arcing tests. Index Terms: Internal arc, MV switchgear, PressureN. Teera-achariyakul is with the

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The safety benefits of arc resistant metalclad medium voltage switchgear

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Protective clothing guidelines for electric arc exposure

Protective clothing guidelines for electric arc exposure

Collaborative arc flash management solutions in medium voltage switchgear

Internal arc pressure assessment of outdoor compact substation

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