The S + 5Ds: Spatial access to pedestrian environments and walking in Seoul, Korea

Kang, Chang-Deok

doi:10.1016/j.cities.2018.01.019

Cited by 58 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Many studies have already examined the relationship between the built environment and walking activities and found significant associations between them [4,[9][10][11][12][13]. In particular, the 5Ds, which are density, diversity of land use, design (including safety and amenities), destination accessibility, and distance to transit, have been suggested as critical built-environment factors that affect the relationship between the built environment and pedestrian movement [14]. The 5Ds are considered to be elements in designing walking-friendly neighborhoods [15], and several empirical studies have found the 5Ds to have a significant relationship with walking behavior or pedestrian volume [14,16,17].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the 5Ds, which are density, diversity of land use, design (including safety and amenities), destination accessibility, and distance to transit, have been suggested as critical built-environment factors that affect the relationship between the built environment and pedestrian movement [14]. The 5Ds are considered to be elements in designing walking-friendly neighborhoods [15], and several empirical studies have found the 5Ds to have a significant relationship with walking behavior or pedestrian volume [14,16,17]. Although some studies have suggested that each of the 5Ds can have a unique relationship with different types of walking, in general, "a higher level of density, land use diversity, design, destination accessibility, and distance to transit are related to a higher level of walking" [17] (p. 3).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinant Factors of Pedestrian Volume in Different Land-Use Zones: Combining Space Syntax Metrics with GIS-Based Built-Environment Measures

2020

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This study combined space syntax metrics and geographic information systems (GIS)-based built-environment measures to analyze pedestrian volume in different land-use zones, as recorded in unique public data from a pedestrian volume survey of 10,000 locations in Seoul, Korea. The results indicate that most of the built-environment variables, such as density, land use, accessibility, and street design measures, showed statistically significant associations with pedestrian volume. Among the syntactic variables, global integration showed a statistically significant association with the average pedestrian volume in residential and commercial zones. In contrast, local integration turned out to be an important factor in the commercial zone. Therefore, this study concludes that the syntactic variables of global and local integration, as well as some built-environment variables, should be considered as determinant factors of pedestrian volume, though the effects of those variables varied by land-use zone. Therefore, planning and public policies should use tailored approaches to promote urban vitality through pedestrian volume in accordance with each land-use zone’s characteristics.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinant Factors of Pedestrian Volume in Different Land-Use Zones: Combining Space Syntax Metrics with GIS-Based Built-Environment Measures

2020

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“…Research on accessibility is diverse; studies have used a wide range of different approaches. Using MCA, scholars such as Kang (2015Kang ( , 2016Kang ( , 2018 provide insights into how different land use types and the built environment determine pedestrian accessibility at the global (city) scale. At a smaller, local scale, Porta et al (2006) address accessibility in the context of campus design.…”

Section: Discussion: Synthesis Of Morphological and Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and planning for accessibility: lessons from Abu Dhabi and Dubai’s neighborhoods

Alawadi

Khaleel

Benkraouda

2020

J Hous and the Built Environ

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Although Abu Dhabi and Dubai have similar political and planning systems, the two cities' neighborhoods feature different morphological layouts. Over the course of their formal progression, these neighborhoods have experienced erratic changes in pedestrian accessibility. This study uses traditional methods of cartography and land use mapping coupled with quantitative methods of network analysis (UNA) to analyze the physical design elements that contribute to neighborhood accessibility in each city. Spatial and quantitative analyses reveal that planning practices in both cities achieved their highest accessibility levels in earlier neighborhoods. Since the 1980s, with the emergence of automobile-oriented developments, the two cities have failed to build pedestrian-accessible and connected neighborhoods. While Dubai has stayed with the same planning system since that time, Abu Dhabi in the 2010s reformed its planning system by embracing higher density and more interconnected streets, yet these measures have not resulted in increased accessibility. The study demonstrates that pedestrian accessibility results from an effective interplay between street design, parcel sizes, and land use density and distribution. The paper concludes by calling for the return to old physical ideals of local neighborhood planning.

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“…Park et al [18] analyzed the impact of on-street car parking on the thermal environment of streets for pedestrians according to Korea's green parking project. For the pedestrian environment, Kang also applied multilevel regression models to identify the positive effects of street facilities, such as stores, cultural issues, local street networks on walking volume, and so forth [19].The built environment is also important for street vitality [20,21]. Park et al [22] applied a multilayer mean radiant temperature model for pedestrians on streets according to the built environment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cause and Evolution of Urban Street Vitality under the Time Dimension: Nine Cases of Streets in Nanjing City, China

Guan

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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Street vitality is associated with a comfortable human-based public environment and urban sustainability. In most current studies, street vitality is assessed considering single or multi factors; however, the impact of time dimension is ignored. This study selects nine different year-built streets in old, main, and new urban areas, in Nanjing, China, proposes a framework to assess street vitality considering the different time dimensions and selects the following factors: street form, including building density, continuity, and height-width; street business type, including store density, function density, and permeation rate; and street accessibility, including location, the number of entrances/exits, transportation, and walkability. After calculating the values of the subfactors, a ranking method was applied to assign the ranking of impact of all factors for a comprehensive analysis. The results showed that Pipa Street, Wufu Street in a main urban area, and Hongmiao Street had the highest street vitality and the highest rankings of almost all the factors. Street vitality in different periods demonstrated that street vitality in new urban areas is lower compared with old and main urban areas.features to present the vitality of urban streets. Jacobs [10] also attempted to find desirable street forms to provide a reference for the design of such urban spaces.Extensive research studies have investigated the correlations between transportation, road type, car parking, pedestrian environment, and street vitality, respectively. It is vital to design suitable streets by creating a safe and comfortable environment [11][12][13]. Boer [14] suggested reducing the speed limit of cars to give pedestrians priority. Ikioda [15] explored the impact of road construction on market and street traders in urban environments, and Calanis et al. [16] analyzed the road safety of people on the street while considering urban road types and traffic. For street car parking, Ajeng and Gim [17] studied on-street car parking issues and analyzed the differentiation between car parking duration and demand on streets in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Park et al. [18] analyzed the impact of on-street car parking on the thermal environment of streets for pedestrians according to Korea's green parking project. For the pedestrian environment, Kang also applied multilevel regression models to identify the positive effects of street facilities, such as stores, cultural issues, local street networks on walking volume, and so forth [19].The built environment is also important for street vitality [20,21]. Park et al. [22] applied a multilayer mean radiant temperature model for pedestrians on streets according to the built environment. Sung et al. [23] identified the association of the physical environment with the activity on streets in Seoul City. Lee et al. [24] investigated urban heat island environment cooling with the use of water spray systems in urban street canyons. Lee [25] analyzed the thermal characteristics of streets using a thermal imaging came...

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The S + 5Ds: Spatial access to pedestrian environments and walking in Seoul, Korea

Cited by 58 publications

References 55 publications

Determinant Factors of Pedestrian Volume in Different Land-Use Zones: Combining Space Syntax Metrics with GIS-Based Built-Environment Measures

Determinant Factors of Pedestrian Volume in Different Land-Use Zones: Combining Space Syntax Metrics with GIS-Based Built-Environment Measures

Design and planning for accessibility: lessons from Abu Dhabi and Dubai’s neighborhoods

The Cause and Evolution of Urban Street Vitality under the Time Dimension: Nine Cases of Streets in Nanjing City, China

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The S + 5Ds: Spatial access to pedestrian environments and walking in Seoul, Korea

Cited by 58 publications

References 55 publications

Determinant Factors of Pedestrian Volume in Different Land-Use Zones: Combining Space Syntax Metrics with GIS-Based Built-Environment Measures

Determinant Factors of Pedestrian Volume in Different Land-Use Zones: Combining Space Syntax Metrics with GIS-Based Built-Environment Measures

Design and planning for accessibility: lessons from Abu Dhabi and Dubai’s neighborhoods

The Cause and Evolution of Urban Street Vitality under the Time Dimension: Nine Cases of Streets in Nanjing City, China

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The S + 5Ds: Spatial access to pedestrian environments and walking in Seoul, Korea