The Russian Brassicaceae collection – from N.I. Vavilov and E.N. Sinskaya till nowadays

Abstract

This article presents the history of the formation of the Russian state Brassicaceae collection maintained at the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). Nowadays this one of the world's richest collections encompasses more than 10,750 accessions of different status from 32 species and 11 genera: vegetable, fodder, oilseed, spicy, ornamental crops and continues to grow through collecting missions and exchange of material. The first intraspecific botanical and agrobiological ecologo-geographical divisions of many crops-cole, turnip, radish, small radish, Swede-were performed by E.N. Sinskaya and T.V. Lizgunova over years of research. These unique works have been continued by M.A. Shebalina and L.V. Sazonova: the cultivar types of Chinese cabbage and pakchoi have been determined; the development of the classifications of white cabbage, broccoli, small radish, turnip is being continued. The objective laws of variability of valuable biochemical traits are presented; a comparative analysis of nutritive and biologically active substances, primarily secondary metabolites, allowed us to determine specific biochemical compounds: those common for the related species Brassica oleracea and B. rapa but occurring in them at different frequencies and those unique for species, subspecies and separate cultivar types; this is the beginning of taxonomic studies. With phytopathological studies, the common diseases of Brassicas in the northwestern part of Russia were determined, and the level of their distribution and development depending on the crop was shown. Genetic studies of the Brassicaceae collections at VIR include DNA analysis to search for duplicates in the collections, to compare original seeds and the seeds after reproduction and to assess the authenticity of saved accessions, to assess biodiversity, including that of new material from collecting missions, to develop phylogenetic studies. Chromosome loci controlling flowering time, morphological and biochemical traits were determined by QTL analysis and association mapping, the molecular markers found are used for screening the collection and breeding material. The sources and donors of traits valuable for modern breeding directions have been found for use in various breeding programs.

Stability and Variability of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz Economically Valuable Traits in Various Eco-Geographical Conditions of the Russian Federation

“…The problem can be solved through the introduction of low-spread oilseed cruciferous crops, such as camelina [1]. All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) has a biggest camelina collection, the collection contains more than three hundred accessions of various origins and includes all the variety of forms found on the territory of the Russian Federation and a number of varieties and accessions obtained from gene-banks of different countries [2].…”

Revisiting weed infestation of agricultural lands from zones near utility poles

“…In accordance with agrobiological classification [7], annual and perennial nonparasitic weeds were found around utility poles [8]. Annual weeds are characterized by seed reproduction, life cycle of no more than 2 years, and die right after seeds develop.…”

Eco-Geographical and Botanical Patterns of Resistance to Lepidoptera Insects in Brassica rapa L.

“…Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Russian Federation. The fundamental objectives of the VIR scientific activities are collection, conservation, and prebreeding evaluation of the accumulated biodiversity under biotic and abiotic stresses in different eco-geographical zones [ 39 ], and therefore good prospects of screening these collections for the sources and donors of resistance to Lepidoptera insects are beyond doubt.…”