The rural exodus of young people from empty Spain. Socio-educational aspects

Llorent-Bedmar, Vicente; Palma, Verónica Cobano-Delgado; Navarro-Granados, María

doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.01.014

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the middle of the 20th century, many European regions have been experiencing an intense rural exodus to urban areas [1,2]. This demographic change, added to the modern lifestyle and low profitability of farming practices in some zones, has led to the abandonment or marginalization of many regions from agricultural and pastoral use [1,3]. It has been observed that the most affected areas had been the small and extensive farming systems that dominate mountain regions, a decline often attributed to their remoteness, reduced competitiveness as consequence of physical limits on technical and structural adaptations, as well as to the adversity of mountain people to change due to age and deep-rooted tradition [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A paradigmatic case of rural abandonment in Europe are the mountain regions in Spain [1]. There, livestock grazing is the dominant land use [5] that has played a crucial role in people's livelihoods for millennia [6] to the point that seasonal use by livestock in the Cantabrian Mountains has been dated since around 6000 BP, with proofs of extensive burning as a landscape management practice associated to pastoralism [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, we aim to identify (I) the heterogeneous degrees of use by sheep over time in traditional mountain grazing areas in the Mountains of León (1990León ( -2020, as well as to analyze there the influence of sheep flocks on (II) land cover classes, (III) landscape diversity, and (IV) landscape structure of grassland patches by means of remote sensing methods. We hypothesize that the Mountains of León is a heterogeneous mosaic in terms of sheep grazing abandonment, with many areas abandoned because of the social, cultural, and economic context exposed above [1][2][3][4], and some other areas still grazed by sheep. We also expect extensive sheep grazing to affect the land cover classes, mainly by maintaining pasture areas and limiting shrub encroachment [20,21], which would contribute to landscape diversity by maintaining the even distribution of land cover classes in a landscape where shrublands usually dominate [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landscape Implications of Contemporary Abandonment of Extensive Sheep Grazing in a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System

Fernández-García

Calvo

2023

Land

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In Southern Europe, the abandonment of the traditional transhumant system where sheep graze lowland areas during winter and distant mountain systems during summer has led to an important cultural loss and still poorly understood ecological consequences. We investigate the landscape-scale implications of contemporary sheep grazing patterns in a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS). Our analysis showed a heterogeneous use of mountain grazing areas between 1990 and 2020. The areas most used by sheep had more abundance of pasture, fewer forests, and structurally different landscapes than those that had been fully abandoned by sheep. Likewise, we have detected decreasing trends in landscape diversity in those areas not used by sheep over the study period, whereas landscape heterogeneity is maintained in those areas grazed by sheep. Our study constitutes an original analysis of landscape patterns and shifts in relation to extensive sheep grazing by using novel approaches that combine interviews, updated satellite time series, and state-of-the-art landscape analysis techniques. Likewise, our results constitute a benchmark as they inform on the importance of preserving extensive sheep grazing if we aim to maintain the cultural heritage, and traditional diverse landscape and the semi-natural grasslands in the Mountains of León.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Landscape Implications of Contemporary Abandonment of Extensive Sheep Grazing in a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System

Fernández-García

Calvo

2023

Land

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“…Despite long persecution, some large carnivore species are currently recolonizing areas of their historic range where they were extirpated [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. This recolonisation has been facilitated by conservation strategies, strict species-protection status [ 3 ], and the progressive rural exodus of people to cities due to socioeconomic reasons [ 6 ] that ultimately enable rewilding [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. The recovery of iconic top-predators is a relevant milestone for initiatives such as Rewilding Europe ( , accessed 12 February 2022), which promotes the re-establishment of natural ecological processes and wilderness as an opportunity for sustainable business and employment [ 9 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rewilding by Wolf Recolonisation, Consequences for Ungulate Populations and Game Hunting

Recio

Wikenros

Zimmermann

et al. 2022

Biology

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The ongoing recolonisations of human-transformed environments in Europe by large carnivores like the wolf Canis lupus means that conservation conflicts could re-surface, among other reasons, due to predation on ungulate game species. We estimated the effect of wolves on ungulate species using data on wolf prey selection, kill rates and territory size to build a hypothetical case of future expansion. We extrapolated results on predation from the current wolf distribution in central Sweden and eastern Poland to the eventual wolf recolonisation of southern Sweden. We then calculated the proportion of five ungulate game species killed annually by wolves, and the ratio between the predicted annual predation by wolves given future colonization and the number of ungulates currently harvested by hunters. Results showed that wolf recolonization in southern Sweden would have a minor impact on the estimated population densities of red deer Cervus elaphus, fallow deer Dama dama and wild boar Sus scrofa, but is likely to lead to a significant reduction in human captures of moose Alces alces and roe deer Capreolus capreolus. The current five-ungulate species system in southern Sweden suggests a potential for two to four times higher wolf density than the two-ungulate species system in the northern part of their current distribution. Management and conservation of recolonizing large carnivores require a better understanding of the observed impact on game populations under similar ecological conditions to ameliorate conservation conflicts and achieve a paradigm of coexistence. Integrating these predictions into management is paramount to the current rewilding trend occurring in many areas of Europe or North America.

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Rural sustainability methods, drivers, and outcomes: A systematic review

Nelson

Nguyen

Francois

et al. 2022

Sustainable Development

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In the past three decades, sustainability science has taken on new importance as interest groups investigate better ways to tackle global challenges—environmental degradation, climate change, and human well‐being—that pose risks to communities, particularly in rural areas. Designs for sustainability require empirical evidence of what works and under what human and environmental conditions. Despite the amount of research that exists, the broad variety of research approaches and contexts makes generalizing knowledge about sustainability in rural areas challenging. This work addresses calls to consolidate the field's knowledge about rural sustainability by examining how rural sustainability has been evaluated, identifying drivers of rural sustainability and associated outcome indicators used to operationalize rural sustainability, and determining common trends in how drivers and outcomes are related. We synthesize this diverse literature to identify common themes in evaluation of rural sustainability across disciplines, global regions, and methodological approaches. Our findings indicate many methods have been used to evaluate rural sustainability, that factors derived from the Triple Bottom Line (social, economic, and environmental) are frequently used to operationalize rural sustainability, and that both direct human interventions and underlying socioeconomic drivers of sustainability are routinely examined in the literature. Overall, we find the majority of studies report positive impacts to rural sustainability, suggesting there are many avenues for creating positive change in sustainability in rural areas. However, we also find greater attention to study conceptualization, design and reporting is needed to provide greater confidence in results that inform policy and decision‐making.

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The rural exodus of young people from empty Spain. Socio-educational aspects

Cited by 38 publications

References 30 publications

Landscape Implications of Contemporary Abandonment of Extensive Sheep Grazing in a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System

Landscape Implications of Contemporary Abandonment of Extensive Sheep Grazing in a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System

Rewilding by Wolf Recolonisation, Consequences for Ungulate Populations and Game Hunting

Rural sustainability methods, drivers, and outcomes: A systematic review

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