“…First, the argument that investment treaties promote additional foreign investment in developing countries, to the benefit of their economies (e.g., Dolzer & Stevens, 1995; Markusen, 2001; Poulsen, 2020; Snyder, 1961). Second, the argument that investment treaties improve domestic governance in developing countries, an argument that has been formulated variously by reference to the domestic “investment climate” (American Embassy Kinshasa, quoted in St John, 2018, p. 219) or the domestic instantiation of “the rule of law” (Crawford, 2003, p. 8). Third, the argument that investment treaties depoliticize foreign investment disputes, in the sense of providing for resolution of investment disputes through adjudicative legal processes “insulated from political and diplomatic relations between states” ( Corn Products v. Mexico , para.…”