The Rubrospinal and Central Tegmental Tracts in Man

Nathan, P. W.; Smith, Marion C.

doi:10.1093/brain/105.2.223

Cited by 171 publications

(97 citation statements)

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“…While the direct translation of exact numbers across species may not be valid, the translation of general estimates probably is valid. Our rationale is that (1) the relative contributions of various motor system structures, such as the rubrospinal tract [25], differ in humans compared with monkeys and rats (see also Nudo and Masterton for data [26] and Lang et al for review [27]) and (2) monkey and rat models are not exact replications of the human experience of stroke and TBI. Thus, one could conclude that while the animal models indicate that large numbers of reps may be required, they do not specify what exactly those numbers need to be.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of amounts and types of practice during rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury and stroke

Kimberley¹,

Samargia²,

Moore³

et al. 2010

JRRD

117

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Abstract-Patients with acquired neurological deficits may capitalize on cortical reorganization to recover functional skills that have been lost. Research in neuroplasticity proposes that a high number of repetitions may lead to cortical reorganization. The purposes of this study were to quantify the number and type of activities performed by patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke in physical and occupational therapy sessions to determine whether (1) the number of repetitions approaches the numbers in neuroplasticity research, (2) there were differences based on patient diagnosis, and (3) patient or therapist characteristics affected the type or amount of activities performed. Forty-eight patient and forty provider subjects participated. One hundred seven therapy sessions were observed. Data from therapy sessions were counted and categorized. Neither patient group approached the total number of repetitions neuroplasticity research suggests may be required for neuroplastic change. Repetitions per session did not differ between groups. Subjects with TBI performed more repetitions per minute in three categories (total upper-limb repetitions, gait steps, and transfers) than subjects with stroke. Therapists with <1 year or >15 years of neurological therapy experience instructed patients in fewer functional repetitions per minute than did therapists with 5 to 15 years of experience.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of amounts and types of practice during rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury and stroke

Kimberley¹,

Samargia²,

Moore³

et al. 2010

JRRD

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This tract is mainly composed of extrapyramidal axonal fibres projecting from the parvocellular red nucleus to the ipsilateral inferior olivary nucleus and is part of the Guillain-Mollaret triangle. In humans, a very large number of rubrospinal and rubrobulbar fibres arising from the parvocellular part of the red nucleus decussate in the VTD and run within the CTT [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI with fibre tracking in Cogan congenital oculomotor apraxia

et al. 2010

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Background Congenital ocular motor apraxia (COMA) occasionally shares with Joubert syndrome (JS) and related disorders (JSRDs) a peculiar malformation, the 'molar tooth sign' (MTS). In JSRDs, the absence of superior cerebellar peduncles (SCP) decussation is reported. Objective To investigate whether COMA demonstrates similar abnormal axonal pathways. Materials and methods Eight healthy age-matched controls, three children with clinical COMA and one child with clinical JSRD underwent examination with a 1.5-T MRI scanner. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), colour-coded fractional anisotropy maps and three-dimensional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography of the cerebellorubral network were analyzed. Results On DTI cartography, the 'red dot' originally supposed to represent the SCP decussation in the midbrain was present in controls as well in those with COMA but absent in the single case with JS. In none of the subjects including controls was 3-D FT able to depict the SCP decussation. When seeded, the red dot resulted in the ventral tegmental decussation (VTD). It was normal in controls and in patients with COMA but was absent in our single patient with JSRD. MTS was identified in alla patients with COMA and in the patient with JSRD. Conclusion MTS can be present in both COMA and JSRD but the underlying anatomy depicted by fibre tracking is distinct. The main difference is the integrity of the VTD in COMA.

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“…For example, the corticospinal tract is critical for fine motor control in humans and nonhuman primates, but less critical in rats [2,13,15]. On the other hand, the rubrospinal tract is important for forelimb movement in rats, but is vestigial in humans [16]. 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%