The RTM Resistance to Potyviruses in Arabidopsis thaliana: Natural Variation of the RTM Genes and Evidence for the Implication of Additional Genes

Abstract

BackgroundThe non conventional RTM (Restricted Tobacco etch virus Movement) resistance which restricts long distance movement of some plant viruses in Arabidopsis thaliana is still poorly understood. Though at least three RTM genes have been identified, their precise role(s) in the process as well as whether other genes are involved needs to be elucidated.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn this study, the natural variation of the RTM genes was analysed at the amino acid level in relation with their functionality to restrict the long distance movement of Lettuce mosaic potyvirus (LMV). We identified non-functional RTM alleles in LMV-susceptible Arabidopsis accessions as well as some of the mutations leading to the non-functionality of the RTM proteins. Our data also indicate that more than 40% of the resistant accessions to LMV are controlled by the RTM genes. In addition, two new RTM loci were genetically identified.Conclusions/SignificanceOur results show that the RTM resistance seems to be a complex biological process which would involves at least five different proteins. The next challenges will be to understand how the different RTM protein domains are involved in the resistance mechanism and to characterise the new RTM genes for a better understanding of the blocking of the long distance transport of plant viruses.

Genomic analysis reveals MATH gene(s) as candidate(s) for Plum pox virus (PPV) resistance in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)

“…Interestingly, the first three RTM genes were initially found to restrict long‐distance movement (LDM) of TEV in A. thaliana , but recent evidence has allowed their effects to be extended to other potyviruses, such as PPV (Decroocq et al ., ). Recently, two new RTM loci have been genetically identified in A. thaliana (Cosson et al ., ), indicating that at least five proteins are involved in the complex RTM resistance process. However, recessive resistance has been commonly related to mutations of components of the eukaryotic translation initiation complex, mostly affecting the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E necessary for virus replication (Robaglia and Caranta, ).…”

Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane (MAM) Integrity Is Required for Insulin Signaling and Is Implicated in Hepatic Insulin Resistance

“…Conventional imaging approaches to assess ER-mitochondria interactions rely on transmission electronic microscopy (13,14), electron tomography (15,16), or immunocolocalization of ER-and mitochondria-specific fluorophores/fluorescent proteins (17). However, these strategies are not particularly sensitive and/or quantitative and not easily amenable to large screening.…”

Plant immunity against viruses: antiviral immune receptors in focus

“…Well-characterized exceptions to the NBS-LRR configuration of R proteins include the non-NBS-LRR-encoding RTM genes, which confer dominant resistance to TEV, Lettuce mosaic potyvirus (LMV) and Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) (Cosson et al, 2012), and the tomato Tm-1 gene, which encodes a protein with a TIM-barrel-like structure and confers dominant resistance to TMV. The Tm-1-encoded product interacts directly with the viral replicase, impairing viral genome replication (Ishibashi and Ishikawa, 2013).…”