The Royal Butler Hori at Northern Saqqara

The Official Titles Wb3 NSWT Royal Wb3 and WDPW NSWT Royal WDPW and the Function of Their Holders in the New Kingdom a Prospographical Study

“…39 Based on the division of the appearance of the two words in these instances, at first sight, one might agree with Gregersen, who primarily concludes regarding the distribution and writing of the title wbA nswt that it is predominantly depended on the type of media on which the text was written and on the type of its writing, namely whether a text was written on sources of monumental character with hieroglyphic signs or on papyrus, ostracon or graffito with hieratic signs. Her proper conclusion is 'that the main writings on monuments are , , , , whereas on papyri, ostraca, and graffiti , , with variants are used', as she demonstrates it as the following: 40 Nevertheless, this statement, as it was already noted, is exclusively based on the writing form of the words. Another important factor, however, which should be taken into account is the textual context in which the words appear, as the analysis of the remains of the 'royal 30 Memphis, No.…”

“…On the stelae of Ramessesashahebused, both words appear in the forms of , 27 for wbA, and , 28 29 for wdpw, as well as on the stelae of Hori they appear as , 30 31 for wbA, and 32 for wdpw. Further examples of the word wbA with hieroglyphic writing on stone material and that of the word wdpw with hieratic writing on ostracon and/or papyrus are attested on the remains of Ramessesemperre, 33 Paenrenenutet, 34 Sobekhotep, 35 Hori, 36 Nakhtamun, 37 Nesamun,38 Neferkareemperamun. 39 Based on the division of the appearance of the two words in these instances, at first sight, one might agree with Gregersen, who primarily concludes regarding the distribution and writing of the title wbA nswt that it is predominantly depended on the type of media on which the text was written and on the type of its writing, namely whether a text was written on sources of monumental character with hieroglyphic signs or on papyrus, ostracon or graffito with hieratic signs.…”

“…The provenance of the statue is unknown. Unfortunately, based on the scant data available about the object, it is not alliable with any 'royal wbA' or 'royal wdpw' in the present corpus.IV 36…”

Ramesside Dockets on Blocks from the Pyramid Complex of Senwosret III in Dahshur*

“…The title wdpw/wbA nsw, has long been a focus of Egyptological attention because of its complexity. 26 WbA.w nswt also appear as responsible dignitaries in certain quarrying and building projects of Ramesses II, 27 and in quarrying and mining expeditions of later Ramesside kings. 28 The presence of such dignitaries here has at least two explanations.…”