The routes and kinetics of trichloroacetic acid uptake and elimination in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) saplings via atmospheric deposition pathways

Heal, Mathew R.; Dickey, C. A.; Cape, J. N.; Heal, Katherine

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(03)00532-6

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Table 2 and Figures 1 and S2 show that the response of the lysimeters to changes in applied TCA occurred within the two week timescale between dosing and leachate collection. Once The permanent mineralisation of TCA applied in these radioactivity experiments and to the in situ soil lysimeters is likewise consistent with observations of permanent loss of TCA applied to the soil surrounding Sitka spruce seedlings (Heal et al, 2003a;Dickey et al, 2004).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Details of the methodology as applied here to soil and aqueous samples have been extensively reported elsewhere (Heal et al, 2003b;Heal et al, 2003a;Dickey et al, 2004;Stidson et al, 2004a;Stidson et al, 2004b;Dickey et al, 2005). In brief, water or sieved soil samples were sealed in 20 mL headspace vials and heated at 100 C for 1.5 h to effect decarboxylation, and re-equilibrated at 60 C before CHCl 3 determination on a DB5 column held at 50 C. Any background CHCl 3 was accounted for by determining CHCl 3 in a parallel vial of sample equilibrated to 60 C only.…”

Section: Analysis Of Tcamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, there is also evidence that TCA applied to soils is readily destroyed (e.g. Heal et al, 2003a;Matucha et al, 2003a;Dickey et al, 2004;Matucha et al, 2007). The uncertainty in understanding soil-TCA relationships is exacerbated by the intrinsic heterogeneity of soil and associated difficulties in controlling soil parameters (Laturnus et al, 2005), and the use of different analytical methods which quantify different fractions of TCA within the soil (Dickey et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The production and degradation of trichloroacetic acid in soil: Results from in situ soil column experiments

et al. 2010

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Previous work has indicated that the soil is important to understanding biogeochemical fluxes of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in the rural environment, in forests in particular. Here, the hydrological and TCA fluxes through 22 in situ soil columns in a forest and moorland-covered catchment and an agricultural grassland field in Scotland were monitored every two weeks for several months either as controls or in TCA manipulation (artificial dosing) experiments. This was supplemented by laboratory experiments with radioactively-labelled TCA and with irradiated (sterilised) soil columns. Control in situ forest soil columns showed evidence of net export (i.e. in situ production) of TCA, consistent with a net soil TCA production inferred from forest-scale mass balance estimations. At the same time, there was also clear evidence of substantial in situ degradation within the soil (~70% on average) of applied TCA. The laboratory experiments showed that both the formation and degradation processes operate on time scales of up to a few days and appeared related more with biological rather than abiotic processes. Soil TCA activity was greater in more organic-rich soils, particularly within forests, and there was strong correlation between TCA and soil biomass carbon content. Overall it appears that TCA soil processes exemplify the substantial natural biogeochemical cycling of chlorine within soils, independent of any anthropogenic chlorine flux.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Analysis Of Tcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The production and degradation of trichloroacetic acid in soil: Results from in situ soil column experiments

et al. 2010

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“…bacterial, actinomycetous or fungal) degradation, with the radioactivity remaining in the soil probably due to incorporation into microbial biomass. In other experiments in which TCAA was applied to soil/seedling systems it has likewise been inferred that, alongside translocation of TCAA into seedlings, the majority of the applied TCA was probably degraded insitu in the soil (Forczek et al 2001, Matucha et al 2001, Heal et al 2003, Dickey et al 2004. Similarly, TCAA was degraded (on timescale of just a few days) when applied to soil lysimeters, but with degradation slower in the litter layer (Schröder et al 2003) and in soil sterilised by γ-irradiation (Heal et al unpublished), again suggesting biological involvement.…”

Section: Biotic and Abiotic Degradationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Natural Formation and Degradation of Chloroacetic Acids and Volatile Organochlorines in Forest Soil. Challenges to understanding (12 pp)

Laturnus

Fahimi

Gryndler

et al. 2005

Env Sci Poll Res Int

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“…The method of analysis for TCA in soil by decarboxylation-HSGC used here is similar to that described previously. 23,29,35 Samples were weighed into 20 ml headspace vials and sealed with PTFE-coated butyl rubber septa and aluminium caps. All vials and caps were heated at 200 1C for a minimum of 20 min before use to remove any TCA or CHCl 3 .…”

Section: Determination Of Tca In Soil and Aqueous Samples By Decarbox...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing analytical uncertainties in the determination of trichloroacetic acid in soil

Dickey

Heal

Cape

et al. 2005

J. Environ. Monitor.

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Soil is an important compartment in the environmental cycling of trichloroacetic acid (TCA), but soil TCA concentration is a methodologically defined quantity; analytical methods either quantify TCA in an aqueous extract of the soil, or thermally decarboxylate TCA to chloroform in the whole soil sample. The former may underestimate the total soil TCA, whereas the latter may overestimate TCA if other soil components (e.g. humic material) liberate chloroform under the decarboxylation conditions. The aim of this work was to show that extraction and decarboxylation methods yield different TCA concentrations because the decarboxylation method can also determine "bound" TCA. Experiments with commercial humic acid solutions showed there was no additional chloroform formation under decarboxylation conditions, and that all TCA in a TCA-humic acid mixture could be quantitatively determined (108 +/- 13%). Anion exchange resin was used as a provider of solid-phase TCA binding; only 5 +/- 1% of a TCA solution mixed with the resin was present in the aqueous extract subsequently separated from the resin, yet the decarboxylation method yielded mass balance (123 +/- 22%) with TCA remaining in the resin. In aqueous extraction of a range of soil samples (with or without added TCA spike), the decarboxylation method was able to satisfactorily account for TCA in the extractant + residue post-extraction, compared with whole-soil TCA (+ spike) pre-extraction: e.g. mass balances for unspiked soil from Sikta spruce and larch forest were 99 +/- 8% and 93 +/- 6%, respectively, and for TCA-spiked forest and agricultural soils were 114 +/- 13% and 102 +/- 2%. In each case recovery of TCA in the extractant was substantially less than 100%(<20% for unspiked soils, <55% for spiked soils). Extraction efficiencies were generally lower in more organic soils. The results suggest that analytical methods which utilise aqueous extraction may underestimate whole-soil TCA concentrations. Application of both methodologies together may enhance insight into TCA behaviour in soil.

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The routes and kinetics of trichloroacetic acid uptake and elimination in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) saplings via atmospheric deposition pathways

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

The production and degradation of trichloroacetic acid in soil: Results from in situ soil column experiments

The production and degradation of trichloroacetic acid in soil: Results from in situ soil column experiments

Natural Formation and Degradation of Chloroacetic Acids and Volatile Organochlorines in Forest Soil. Challenges to understanding (12 pp)

Addressing analytical uncertainties in the determination of trichloroacetic acid in soil

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