The roughening of free surfaces during plastic working

Surface roughness of a hot-dipped galvanized sheet steel as a function of deformation mode

“…8, the roughness values do not consistently match with iso-ε vme lines. The lack of correspondence between the roughness and strain is somewhat contradictory to previous investigations, which found that roughness is a function of ε vme and grain size, but not dependent upon strain path [5,6].…”

“…The strain level, as quantified by the VonMises equivalent strain [4] and grain size, are cited in the literature as being the most important factors affecting the surface roughening during deformation [5,6]. For a plastically deformed material, the VonMises equivalent strain is…”

Effect of plastic side flow on surface roughness in micro-turning process

“…A few studies on roughening of free surfaces of metallic materials due to plastic deformation have been reported in sheet metal forming [7][8][9]. Plastic deformation roughens a free surface by producing slip bands within grains along with relative rotation and sliding among the grains.…”

Characteristics of surface roughening during plane strain compression of polycrystalline iron

“…Most of studies on the surface roughening of free surfaces of polycrystalline metals were discussed on the influences of various factors such as grain size [1][2][3], material property [4,5] and strain rate [3], on the degree of the roughness evaluated by roughness parameters. The change in the roughness shapes during plastic deformation in terms of the fomting limit of metal sheets was discussed in some papers [6,7].…”