The Rotary Motor of Bacterial Flagella

Berg, Howard C.

doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161737

Cited by 1,312 publications

(1,225 citation statements)

References 250 publications

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“…Thus, bacterial swimming reflects the action of all of the motors [15]. Currently, it is not known how the presence of active and inactive motors in a single cell affects the swimming behavior of bacterial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, it is not known how the presence of active and inactive motors in a single cell affects the swimming behavior of bacterial cells. According to a well-accepted model for motor construction [15][16][17][18][19][20], each flagellar motor in E. coli has about 8 ~ 11 force-generating units composed of MotAB complexes, which are thought to be the reaction center of the molecular motor. These force-generating units may work independently and additively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of gamma-ray irradiation on Escherichia coli motility

et al. 2014

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The effects of ionizing radiation on bacteria are generally evaluated from the dose-dependent survival ratio, which is determined by colony-forming ability and mutation rate. The mutagenic damage to cellular DNA induced by radiation has been extensively investigated; however, the effects of irradiation on the cellular machinery in situ remain unclear. In the present work, we irradiated Escherichia coli cells in liquid media with gamma rays from 60Co (in doses up to 8 kGy). The swimming speeds of the cells were measured using a microscope. We found that the swimming speed was unaltered in cells irradiated with a lethal dose of gamma rays. However, the fraction of motile cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Similar results were observed when protein synthesis was inhibited by treatment with kanamycin. Evaluation of bacterial swimming speed and the motile fraction after irradiation revealed that some E. coli cells without the potential of cell growth and division remained motile for several hours after irradiation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gamma-ray irradiation on Escherichia coli motility

et al. 2014

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“…In flagellated bacteria, a rotational motor, embedded in the cell body, turns a rigid helical flagellum [6,3,7,8,9,10,12,11]. Most motile bacteria move by the use of one or more flagella and are able to swim in a viscous fluid environment [85].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3D Motile Rod-Shaped Monotrichous Bacterial Model

Hsu

Dillon

2009

Bull. Math. Biol.

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We introduce a 3D model for a motile rod-shaped bacterial cell with a single polar flagellum which is based on the configuration of a monotrichous type of bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The structure of the model bacterial cell consists of a cylindrical body together with the flagellar forces produced by the rotation of a helical flagellum. The rod-shaped cell body is composed of a set of immersed boundary points and elastic links. The helical flagellum is assumed to be rigid and modeled as a set of discrete points along the helical flagellum and flagellar hook. A set of flagellar forces are applied along this helical curve as the flagellum rotates. An additional set of torque balance forces are applied on the cell body to induce counter-rotation of the body and provide torque balance. The three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluid are used to described the fluid dynamics of the coupled fluid-microorganism system using Peskin's immersed boundary method. A study of numerical convergence is presented along with simulations of a single cell and the interaction of two model cells.

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“…The sodium‐driven flagellar motor exhibits a similar relationship, but with a higher v knee and zero‐load speed. Previous studies and calculations have estimated that with high external load, the BFM converts almost all of the free energy released from the protons flow across into mechanical rotation of the load, indicating that the energy conversion efficiency of the BFM is very high 7, 33. Experiments that control the PMF show that the motor rotation speed depends linearly on the PMF in both low and high load regimes 34.…”

Section: Function Of the Bacterial Flagellar Motormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Delicate Nanoscale Motor Made by Nature—The Bacterial Flagellar Motor

Xue

Baker

et al. 2015

Advanced Science

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The bacterial flagellar motor (BFM) is a molecular complex ca. 45 nm in diameter that rotates the propeller that makes nearly all bacteria swim. The motor self‐assembles out of ca. 20 different proteins and can not only rotate at up to 50 000 rpm, but can also switch rotational direction in milliseconds and navigate its environment to maneuver, on average, towards regions of greater benefit. The BFM is a pinnacle of evolution that informs and inspires the design of novel nanotechnology in the new era of synthetic biology.

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The Rotary Motor of Bacterial Flagella

Cited by 1,312 publications

References 250 publications

Effect of gamma-ray irradiation on Escherichia coli motility

Effect of gamma-ray irradiation on Escherichia coli motility

A 3D Motile Rod-Shaped Monotrichous Bacterial Model

A Delicate Nanoscale Motor Made by Nature—The Bacterial Flagellar Motor

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