The root system of a grain sorghum crop

Myers, R. J. K.

doi:10.1016/0378-4290(80)90007-6

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Therefore, we estimated the RDI values of some crop species using the root distribution data from deeper soil layers. The estimated RDI values were 0.26 for wheat (1.8 m) [24], 0.27 -0.29 for maize (1.5 m) [25], 0.19 for sorghum (1.4 m) [26], 0.17 for rice (0.8 m) [27], 0.16 -0.36 for sugarcane (1.0 -2.0 m) [28,29], 0.34 for oilseed rape (1.8 m) [30], 0.75 for soybean (1.8 m) [31], and 0.66 -1.2 for cotton (1.8 m) [32]. The values in parentheses indicate the soil depths investigated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Distribution and Quantity of Root Systems of Field-Grown Erianthus and Napier Grass

Sekiya¹,

Shiotsu²,

Abe³

et al. 2013

AJPS

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Cellulosic bioethanol produced from non-edible plants reduces potential food-fuel competition and, as such, is receiving increasing attention. In the raw material production of cellulosic bioethanol, the aboveground biomass of plants is entirely harvested; consequently, the plant roots represent the major source of organic matter incorporated into the soil. We selected Erianthus and Napier grass as the raw materials for cultivation in Asia. However, information about whether these 2 species provide sufficient root volume to sustain soil fertility is limited. Therefore, we examined the spatial distribution of the roots of these 2 plants, and quantified root mass and length. Erianthus and Napier grass were either grown in fields or greenhouses in Tokyo (Japan) and Lampung (Indonesia), and then their roots were exposed from adjacent soil profiles. Both species developed large, deep roots, penetrating 2.0 -2.6 m deep into the soil. Root depth indexes showed that the roots of both species penetrated much deeper into the soil compared to monocot crop species, being more comparable to dicot species. Erianthus developed a root mass and length of 384 -850 g·m −2 and 28.8 -35.8 km·m , respectively. These values exceeded the maximum values previously recorded for common crop species. Our study confirmed that Erianthus and Napier grass develop deep root systems, with substantially large biomass; hence, we suggest that both plants supply root biomass in large quantities, representing possible major sources of soil organic matter.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Distribution and Quantity of Root Systems of Field-Grown Erianthus and Napier Grass

Sekiya¹,

Shiotsu²,

Abe³

et al. 2013

AJPS

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“…Part of this fertilizer nitrogen is probably present in the root system of the crop. The amount of nitrogen in the roots would probably not exceed 5 10% of the amount of nitrogen in the aboveground parts of the crop, although higher values have been reported (Myers, 1980). Therefore, the nitrogen in the root system could probably not explain all of the residual nitrogen in the soil.…”

Section: Residual Fertilizer Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 91%

A comparison of the isotope recovery and difference methods for determining nitrogen fertilizer efficiency

Harmsen

Moraghan

1988

Plant Soil

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In an experiment with sorghum on a medium deep red soil (Udic Rhodustalf) at Patancheru, India, where ~SN-labeted urea was applied at different rates during the 198 l rainy season, the apparent (ARF) and isotope recovery fractions (~SNRF) were appreciably different, particularly at lower rates of fertilizer application. The fertilizer rates were corrected for losses of fertilizer nitrogen, that were estimated from the differences in the amounts of ~SN recovered in the soil and the crop, and the known amounts of ~SN applied. Introducing these 'effective' fertilizer rates, the apparent discrepancy between ARF and ~SNRF could be explained if it were assumed that the ~SN immobilized in the organic soil fraction was not remineralized during the course of the growing season. In the difference method, the equivalent amount of nitrogen at natural abundance released in exchange for fertilizer nitrogen (5 atom % xs ~SN) immobilized in the organic nitrogen fraction is treated as 'fertilizer nitrogen', since no distinction is made between 14N and ~SN. In the isotope-dilution method, the nitrogen at natural abundance mineralized during biological interchange is not considered fertilizer nitrogen, and therefore the assumed effective amount of fertilizer nitrogen available to the crop is less than in the difference method.

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“…This observation is consistent with that of , who also reported that 0N application reduced root biomass, not root length. Myers (1980) reported that shoot biomass varied with fertilizer levels, but root biomass did not, suggesting that the ratio of root biomass to whole plant dry mass is affected by fertilizer levels. Brown et al (1987) observed fertilizer-N had little effect on the ratio of roots to total plant weight of barley, which indicated that root biomass production responded to fertilizer in a similar way to above-ground biomass production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

et al. 2002

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Hybrid (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv CSH 9) and local variety (S. bicolor cv. FSRP) of sorghum were grown in an Alfisol field and in pots of Alfisol in semi-arid tropical India, and the productivity of sorghum in low N condition was studied in relation to N absorption by plant. The grain yield of the hybrid (CSH 9) was higher than that of the local variety (FSRP) irrespective of the rate of N application. The reduction in hybrid grain yield was less than that for the local variety when N was not applied. After booting stage hybrid absorbed more N than the local variety. To estimate the role of roots in N absorption, the characteristics of N absorption were parameterized. Relative growth rate was highly correlated with relative N absorption rate in plant. N absorption was regulated by root activity (specific N absorption rate per unit root mass and length). Specific N absorption rate in roots at physiological maturity was higher in the hybrid than in local variety in low N conditions. Therefore, the smaller reduction of hybrid yield in low-N conditions was ascribed to high-N absorption rate in its roots, and the high ability of roots to absorb N after booting stage.

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The root system of a grain sorghum crop

Cited by 40 publications

References 14 publications

Distribution and Quantity of Root Systems of Field-Grown Erianthus and Napier Grass

Distribution and Quantity of Root Systems of Field-Grown Erianthus and Napier Grass

A comparison of the isotope recovery and difference methods for determining nitrogen fertilizer efficiency

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