The root endophytic fungus Trichoderma atroviride induces foliar herbivory resistance in maize plants

Contreras‐Cornejo, Hexon Ángel; Macías‐Rodríguez, Lourdes; del‐Val, Ek; Larsen, John

doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.10.004

Cited by 93 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Classical pesticides are frequently used to reduce the abundance of harmful insect populations; however, their excessive and widespread application results in a loss of biodiversity, and hence interest has grown in identifying natural enemies of insects for use as control agents [ 1 ]. Entomopathogenic fungi have the potential to play a vital role as biological control agents of insect populations [ 2 , 3 ]. Among the many species of fungi capable of infecting insects, the cosmopolitan soil fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Zygomycota, Entomophthorales) is known to be an opportunistic entomopathogen causing high and rapid insect mortality, and acting specifically with a narrow host range [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harman and norharman, metabolites of entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomopthorales), disorganize development of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) and affect serotonin-regulating enzymes

et al. 2018

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Naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungi such as Conidiobolus coronatus are important regulatory factors of insect populations. GC-MS analysis of fungal cell-free filtrates showed that C. coronatus synthesizes two β- carboline alkaloids: harman and norharman. Significantly higher levels of both alkaloids are produced by C. coronatus in minimal postincubation medium than in rich medium. The beta-carboline alkaloids may have an effect on the nervous system of insects and their behavior. Harman and norharman were applied to Galleria mellonella larvae (a parasite of honeybees) either topically or mixed with food. Larvae received alkaloids in three concentrations: 750, 1000 or 1250 ppm. The effect on the survival and further development of larvae was examined. Both harman and norharman delayed pupation and adult eclosion, and inhibit total monoamine oxidase activity. In addition, they increased the serotonin concentration and decreased the monoamine oxidase A level in the heads of the moths. It is likely that the alkaloids were metabolized by the insects, as their effect wore off 24 hours after topical application. This is the first study to show that C. coronatus produces alkaloids. Its aim was to identify the actions of β-carboline alkaloids on insect development and serotonin-regulating enzymes. Knowledge of the potential role of harman and norharman in the process of fungal infection might lead to the development of more effective and environmentally-friendly means of controlling insect pests.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harman and norharman, metabolites of entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomopthorales), disorganize development of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) and affect serotonin-regulating enzymes

et al. 2018

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“…For lanzones plants, the concentration of a specialized terpenoid found in lanzones trees called lansiolic acid that has been found to have a strong insect feeding deterrence activity (Mayanti et al, 2011;Ragasa, Labrador and Rideout, 2006;Arnason, Guillet, and Durst 2004) is a highly possible candidate for the secondary metabolite which could have had an increased production. Contreras-Cornejo et al (2018) further noted the positive relationship of Trichoderma inoculation and the observed increase in JA levels and volatile terpene emission.…”

Section: Steroids Tannins Terpenoids Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Meanwhile, relative to the treatment without inoculation, Trichodermainoculated plants accumulate SA slower and JA faster. Similarly, the observations of Contreras-Cornejo et al (2018) indicate that, in their fungusplant-insect model, SA-mediated defense responses are attenuated while JA concentration is increased. Drawing from other studies, the same authors (Contreras-Cornejo et al, 2018) noted that their observations, similar to the observations in this study, [can] "not be a coincidence but a demonstration of a similar defense time-course patter[n] of plants challenged with different species of Trichoderma (p.…”

Section: Steroids Tannins Terpenoids Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Lower SA concentration was observed in Trichoderma gamsii inoculated Arabidopsis plants that are subsequently infested with Trichoplusia ni than those that were not inoculated. Contreras-Cornejo et al (2018) also reported reduced methyl salicylate in plants inoculated with Trichoderma atroviride and challenged with Spodoptera frugiperda as compared to the plants that were also challenged with the same insect but are uninoculated by the T. atroviride.…”

Section: Steroids Tannins Terpenoids Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This is probably related to the capacity of the Trichoderma inoculant to potentiate the plant for a faster and stronger defense hence preventing the rapid increase in pest population. It has been shown that Trichoderma inoculation stimulates the jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defense responses (Contreras-Cornejo et al, 2018;Martinez-Medina et al, 2013;Contreras-Cornejo et al, 2011), which is partly responsible for the initiation of the cascade of biochemical defense responses of plants against a wide array of biotic stresses. The inoculation of Lansium domesticum seedlings with Trichoderma before the insect attack possibly increased the sensitivity and responsiveness of the seedlings to jasmonic acid, as demonstrated by Pieterse et al (2000).…”

Section: Trichoderma Protective Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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TRICHODERMA-INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE AGAINST THE SCALE INSECT (UNASPIS MABILIS LIT & BARBECHO) IN LANZONES (LANSIUM DOMESTICUM CORR.)

Silva¹,

Banaay²,

Salamanez³

2019

AgricultForest

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TRICHODERMA-INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE AGAINST THE SCALE INSECT (UNASPIS MABILIS LIT & BARBECHO) IN LANZONES (LANSIUM DOMESTICUM CORR.) SUMMARY Unaspis mabilis infestations have been causing huge economic losses to the lanzones industry in the Philippines since 2009. This study, therefore, seeks to determine the use of Trichoderma as myco-biocontrol agent to increase lanzones (Lansium domesticum) defense and resistance against this insect. Two experiments were designed to test for the protective and rescuing capacity of Trichoderma inoculation against the insect pest. For both experiments, leaf area, leaf count, scale insect populations and densities were observed over time. Additionally, to assess the phytochemical response of the plants, the concentrations of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, total phenol content, and total flavonoid content were also measured in the rescuing capacity experiment. Results indicated that the plants inoculated with Trichoderma were performing better, showing lower populations and slower growth rate of the insect, than the uninoculated plants for both the protective and rescuing capacity experiments. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, phlobatannins, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, and alkaloids in the leaves of L. domesticum. Total phenols and flavonoids showed decreasing concentrations as the infestation progressed, while the concentrations of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid in scaleinsect-infested plants were found to be influenced by the inoculation of the plants with Trichoderma.

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In a belowground multitrophic interaction, Trichoderma harzianum induces maize root herbivore tolerance against Phyllophaga vetula

Contreras‐Cornejo

Macías‐Rodríguez

Real-Santillán

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Trichoderma spp. are soil fungi that interact with plant roots and associated biota such as other microorganisms and soil fauna. However, information about their interactions with root‐feeding insects is limited. Here, interactions between Trichoderma harzianum and the root‐feeding insect Phyllophaga vetula, a common insect pest in maize agroecosystems, were examined. RESULTS Applications of T. harzianum and P. vetula to the root system increased and decreased maize growth, respectively. Induced tolerance against herbivore attack was provided by T. harzianum maintaining a robust and functional root system as evidenced by the increased uptake of Cu, Ca, Mg, Na and K. Herbivore tolerance also coincided with changes in the emission of root volatile terpenes known to induce indirect defense responses and attract natural enemies of the herbivore. More importantly, T. harzianum induced de novo emission of several sesquiterpenes such as β‐caryophyllene and δ‐cadinene. In addition, single and combined applications of T. harzianum and P. vetula altered the sucrose content of the roots. Finally, T. harzianum produced 6‐pentyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one (6‐PP) a volatile compound that may act as an antifeedant‐signaling compound mitigating root herbivory by P. vetula. CONCLUSION Our results provide novel information about belowground multitrophic plant–microbe–arthropod interactions between T. harzianum and P. vetula in the maize rhizosphere resulting in alterations in maize phenotypic plant responses, inducing root herbivore tolerance.

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The root endophytic fungus Trichoderma atroviride induces foliar herbivory resistance in maize plants

Cited by 93 publications

References 61 publications

Harman and norharman, metabolites of entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomopthorales), disorganize development of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) and affect serotonin-regulating enzymes

Harman and norharman, metabolites of entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomopthorales), disorganize development of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) and affect serotonin-regulating enzymes

TRICHODERMA-INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE AGAINST THE SCALE INSECT (UNASPIS MABILIS LIT & BARBECHO) IN LANZONES (LANSIUM DOMESTICUM CORR.)

In a belowground multitrophic interaction, Trichoderma harzianum induces maize root herbivore tolerance against Phyllophaga vetula

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