The root apoplastic pH as an integrator of plant signaling

Gámez-Arjona, Francisco M.; Sánchez‐Rodríguez, Clara; Montesinos, Juan Carlos

doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.931979

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…These results and the enzymatic validation of recombinant mature sorghum lichenases using a synthetic substrate and flours indicate that SbLCH1-3 are bona fide lichenases. All three enzymes showed peak activity between pH 4 and 6 consistent with a localization in the apoplast where the pH is relatively acidic (G amez-Arjona et al, 2022;Martini ere et al, 2018).…”

Section: Identification and Characterization Of Sorghum Lichenasessupporting

confidence: 68%

Cell‐ and development‐specific degradation controls the levels of mixed‐linkage glucan in sorghum leaves

Kim,

Zemelis‐Durfee,

Mckinley

et al. 2023

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYMixed‐linkage glucan (MLG) is a component of the cell wall (CW) of grasses and is composed of glucose monomers linked by β‐1,3 and β‐1,4 bonds. MLG is believed to have several biological functions, such as the mobilizable storage of carbohydrates and structural support of the CW. The extracellular levels of MLG are largely controlled by rates of synthesis mediated by cellulose synthase‐like (CSL) enzymes, and turnover by lichenases. Economically important crops like sorghum accumulate MLG to variable levels during development. While in sorghum, like other grasses, there is one major MLG synthase (CSLF6), the identity of lichenases is yet unknown. To fill this gap, we identified three sorghum lichenases (SbLCH1‐3) and characterized them in leaves in relation to the expression of SbCSLF6, and the abundance of MLG and starch. We established that SbLCH1‐3 are secreted to the apoplast, consistent with a role of degrading MLG extracellularly. Furthermore, while SbCSLF6 expression was associated with cell development, the SbLCH genes exhibited distinct development‐, cell‐type‐specific and diel‐regulated expression. Therefore, our study identifies three functional sorghum MLG lichenases and highlights that MLG accumulation in sorghum leaves is likely controlled by the activity of lichenases that tune MLG levels, possibly to suit distinct cell and developmental needs in planta. These findings have important implications for improving the growth, yield, and composition of sorghum as a feedstock.

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Section: Identification and Characterization Of Sorghum Lichenasessupporting

confidence: 68%

Cell‐ and development‐specific degradation controls the levels of mixed‐linkage glucan in sorghum leaves

Kim,

Zemelis‐Durfee,

Mckinley

et al. 2023

The Plant Journal

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“…From these observations it is evident that, in absence of ABI1, cell length in the EZ of primary root is increased. Length control of cells, especially in the roots is a function of auxin transport mediated apoplastic pH change and integrally involves the action of plasma membrane H + ATPase family of proteins (Gámez-Arjona et al, 2022, Du et al, 2020). It is known that auxin-dependent function of the plasma membrane H + ATPases leads to acidification of the apoplast that in turn activates cell wall loosening enzymes and contributes to cellular elongation (Hager, 2003, Samalova et al, 2023, Cosgrove, 1999).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H + ATPase mediated proton extrusion is integrally connected to auxin transport and such acidification of the root cell apoplast is known to activate cell wall loosening enzymes like those belonging to the Expansin family (Cosgrove, 1999, Samalova et al, 2023). Such protonation of the root cell apoplast consequently regulates cell elongation and controls primary root EZ length (Gámez-Arjona et al, 2022, Staal et al, 2011). Here we found that, despite the expression level of H + ATPase being similar in both wild type and abi3 roots, in abi3 AHA2 phosphorylation levels were significantly lower, compared to wild type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abi3 Mediated Regulation Of Primary Root Length Involves Abi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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ABI3 regulates ABI1 function to control cell length in primary root elongation zone

Datta,

Mandal,

Mitra

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Post-embryonic primary root growth is effectively an interplay of several hormone signalling pathways. Here, we show that the ABA-responsive transcription factor ABI3, controls primary root growth through regulation of JA signalling moleculeJAZ1along with ABA responsive factor ABI1. In absence of ABI3, primary root elongation zone is shortened with significantly reduced cell length. Expression analyses and ChIP based assays indicate that ABI3 negatively regulatesJAZ1expression by occupying its upstream regulatory sequence and enriching repressive histone modification mark H3K27 trimethylation, thereby occluding RNAPII occupancy. Previous studies have shown that JAZ1 interacts with ABI1, the protein phosphatase 2C, that works during ABA signalling. Our results indicate that in absence of ABI3, whenJAZ1expression levels are high, ABI1 protein shows increased stability, compared to when JAZ1 is absent, or ABI3 is overexpressed. Consequently, inabi3mutant, due to higher stability of ABI1, reduced phosphorylation of plasma membrane H+ATPase (AHA2) occurs. HPTS staining further indicated that,abi3root cell apoplasts show reduced protonation, compared to wild type and ABI3 overexpressing seedlings. Such impeded proton extrusion, negatively affects cell length in primary root elongation zone. ABI3 therefore controls cell elongation in primary root by affecting ABI1-dependent protonation of root cell apoplasts. In summary, ABI3 controls expression of JAZ1 and in turn modulates function of ABI1 to regulate cell length in the elongation zone during primary root growth.

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“…Auxin triggers apoplastic acidification by activating plasma membrane P-type H + -ATPases (AHAs) along with cell wall relaxation [ 311 ]. The apoplastic pH also changes during plant/microbe interactions and functions as an integrator of signaling in roots [ 312 , 313 ]. This has profound influence on protein/protein interactions, their enzyme activities and signaling.…”

Section: Crosstalk and Downstream Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signals and Their Perception for Remodelling, Adjustment and Repair of the Plant Cell Wall

Oelmüller

Tseng

Gandhi

2023

IJMS

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The integrity of the cell wall is important for plant cells. Mechanical or chemical distortions, tension, pH changes in the apoplast, disturbance of the ion homeostasis, leakage of cell compounds into the apoplastic space or breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides activate cellular responses which often occur via plasma membrane-localized receptors. Breakdown products of the cell wall polysaccharides function as damage-associated molecular patterns and derive from cellulose (cello-oligomers), hemicelluloses (mainly xyloglucans and mixed-linkage glucans as well as glucuronoarabinoglucans in Poaceae) and pectins (oligogalacturonides). In addition, several types of channels participate in mechanosensing and convert physical into chemical signals. To establish a proper response, the cell has to integrate information about apoplastic alterations and disturbance of its wall with cell-internal programs which require modifications in the wall architecture due to growth, differentiation or cell division. We summarize recent progress in pattern recognition receptors for plant-derived oligosaccharides, with a focus on malectin domain-containing receptor kinases and their crosstalk with other perception systems and intracellular signaling events.

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The root apoplastic pH as an integrator of plant signaling

Cited by 11 publications

References 149 publications

Cell‐ and development‐specific degradation controls the levels of mixed‐linkage glucan in sorghum leaves

Cell‐ and development‐specific degradation controls the levels of mixed‐linkage glucan in sorghum leaves

ABI3 regulates ABI1 function to control cell length in primary root elongation zone

Signals and Their Perception for Remodelling, Adjustment and Repair of the Plant Cell Wall

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