The Romanians, 1774–1866

Hitchins, Keith

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205913.001.0001

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…This eventful moment opened the path to the implementation of numerous modernising reforms in the country. 13 One of the most contested issues was the reformation of the agrarian system. 14 In December 1863, the secularisation of the monastic estates was approved by the government, resulting in the transformation of approximately 25 per cent of the country's territory into state-owned property.…”

Section: Agrarian Transformations In Nineteenth-century Romaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the creation of the United Romanian Principalities in 1859, a series of modernising reforms were passed under the rule of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza. 4 Among the most important ones were the secularisation of monastic estates, followed by the abolition of corvée, in 1864. 5 The agrarian reform from 1864 granted private properties to more than 400,000 families of peasants who became owners of one third of the country's arable land.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Internal colonisation in rural Romania: the sale of the state-owned estates at the end of the nineteenth century

Cepraga

Suditu

2021

Rural History

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In the second half of the nineteenth century, the Romanian provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia experienced a series of modernising reforms, some of them concerning the agrarian regime. The enforcement of the Organic Statues in the 1830s attempted to reform the political and economic life of the principalities, but it favoured the big landowners, at the expense of the peasantry. The agrarian reform enacted in 1864 put an end to serfdom and granted the right to own land to former corvée peasants. It was soon followed by the appropriation for the newlyweds, a law that offered land to newly married peasants in order to settle them in low populated rural areas. Population growth triggered a new demand for agricultural land because the big landowners still controlled approximately two thirds of the arable land. As a result, in 1881 and 1889 the state passed two laws concerning the sale of public domains to the peasantry, attempting to improve their standard of living. This article focuses on the process of rural colonisation, which took place at the end of the nineteenth century after the sale of state-owned estates to the peasants. Using data extracted from official statistics the article analyses, from a spatial point of view, the creation of a series of new settlements in low populated but fertile regions of the country. Finally, the article investigates how, at that time, this rural colonisation was perceived by peasants, politicians and rural sociologists.

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Section: Agrarian Transformations In Nineteenth-century Romaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal colonisation in rural Romania: the sale of the state-owned estates at the end of the nineteenth century

Cepraga

Suditu

2021

Rural History

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“…In Transylvania and Bukovina, in the 19th century, the dominant influence was the modernity derived from the modernizations produced within the Habsburg Empire (Hitchins, 1996); here Romanians, especially the elites, were influenced by the processes of modernization taking place in the Romanian kingdom.…”

Section: The Historical Evolution Of Romanian Modernitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tendential modernity

Schifirneţ

2012

Social Science Information

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Resume This article approaches the concept of tendential modernity as a type of evolution towards principles and norms of modernity within societies with an insufficiently functioning capitalist economy. In these societies, there is a gap between faster institutional renewal and slower economic development. Consequently, cultural, political and intellectual modernity outrun economic modernity. Tendential modernity refers to the ideas and actions aimed at modernization which remain partial and not finalized. Modernity is more an aspiration, a societal developmental intention, a goal to be reached, but which is never fully realized. Due to the fact that modernity is merely a tendency that is never finalized, the transitions are never completed. Modernity moves slowly and with difficulty through the intricate network of socio-institutional structures of the patriarchal and traditional society. It is inlay modernity, not structured under a clear, dominant form. My thesis is applied to the study of Romanian society’s modernization through all its stages: the emergence of the national state, the period between the two World Wars, the communist period and the post-communist period. Even though these periods are not all homogeneous in their rate of development, tendential modernity characterizes the evolutionary process of modern Romania.

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“…1, 2) achieved international recognition of political sovereignty in 1881, escaping subjugation by the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire as well as the Ottomans. This happened primarily because it suited the 'Great Powers' of France, Germany, and Great Britain to sponsor nation building in the Carpathians rather than permit the expansion of the aforementioned empires (Hitchins 1996;Boia 2001;Popa 2015). Romania has always been a multicultural space characterized by a need to distinguish itself from its immediate neighbors, and the country today has a prolific material past which is haunted by over a century of explicit politicization by the construction of particular archaeological narratives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers of Romania: Nationalism and the Ideological Space of the Roman Limes

Hanscam

2017

Ex Novo

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Modern Romania is a nation-state containing space which has long been considered marginal - first as part of the Roman Empire and now within the European Union. The national narrative of Romania highlights this liminality, focusing on the interactions between the Romans and the local Dacians on the northeastern border regions of the Empire. Romania still contains significant material remnants of the Iron Age, including the Roman Limes, a series of fortifications on the Danube River meant to protect the Roman borders. As such, the archaeological tradition of this geographic space is heavily entangled with Romania’s identity as a frontier region. This paper outlines the formation of Romanian national space, focusing on the period between the seventeenth century and 1918. It considers the relationship between the materiality of the Roman Limes and ideological frontiers in Romania, examining the role of archaeology in the sustainment of the Romanian nation space.

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The Romanians, 1774–1866

Cited by 29 publications

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Internal colonisation in rural Romania: the sale of the state-owned estates at the end of the nineteenth century

Internal colonisation in rural Romania: the sale of the state-owned estates at the end of the nineteenth century

Tendential modernity

Frontiers of Romania: Nationalism and the Ideological Space of the Roman Limes

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