The Roles of Th2-Type Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis

Izuhara, Kenji; Shiraishi, Hiroshi; Arima, Kazuhiko; Suzuki, Shingo

doi:10.5772/28779

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 51 publications

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“…IL-4 and IL-13 are known to promote class switching of B cells to the lgE isotope. Specific allergens bind to lgE that then cross link high affinity FcERI receptors on mast cells causing release of preformed inflammatory mediators [7]. This gives rise to the established signs and symptoms of AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Radioallergosorbent Testing (RAST) Early in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Children and Adults Referred to Secondary Care in the United Kingdom

2019

IJCED

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Aim: To evaluate the importance and relevance of doing radioallegrosorbent testing (RAST) for patients referred with atopic dermatitis (AD) to secondary care for specialist dermatological advice and investigation. Background: Atopic dermatitis is usually diagnosed by Primary Care General Practitioners and treated using a stepped approach. Referral to secondary care is considered when it is not controlled with optimal treatment or if an allergy is suspected. Radioallegrosorbent testing is useful for identifying trigger factors however current literature lacks evidence for the extent to which RAST testing can improve patient symptoms. Method: Standard RAST testing was requested for all patients referred to secondary care with atopic dermatitis. Allergens tested included: dairy products, house dust mite, grass, nuts, seafood, cereals, dog dander and cat epithelium. Results: RAST results showed that 92.3% of children and 60.7% of adults had high total lgE levels. The proportion of children with high serum specific lgE for the allergens tested were as follows: house dust mite (60.4%), grass (50%), dairy/cow’s milk (39.5%), nuts (29.1%), dog dander (16.6%), cat epithelium (12.5%), egg (10.4%), fish/seafood (6.2%), wheat (6.2%), and soya (2.0%). The results for the adults tested were as follows: house dust mite (64.7%), grass (58.8%), cat epithelium (29%), dog dander (23%), nuts (11.7%), egg (11.7%), cow’s milk/dairy (5.8%), wheat/ soya (0%). On follow-up, all patients reported an improvement in their AD after implementing allergen avoidance strategies. Conclusions: RAST testing is a valuable clinical test that should be considered early to investigate patients with AD for relevant allergens that may be exacerbating their symptoms and causing resistance to first line treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Radioallergosorbent Testing (RAST) Early in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Children and Adults Referred to Secondary Care in the United Kingdom

2019

IJCED

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Atopic Dermatitis Studies through In Vitro Models

Vuyst

Salmon²,

Evrard

et al. 2017

Front. Med.

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex inflammatory skin condition that is not fully understood. Epidermal barrier defects and Th2 immune response dysregulations are thought to play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. A vicious circle takes place between these alterations, and it can further be complicated by additional genetic and environmental factors. Studies investigating in more depth the etiology of the disease are thus needed in order to develop functional treatments. In recent years, there have been significant advances regarding in vitro models reproducing important features of AD. However, since a lot of models have been developed, finding the appropriate experimental setting can be difficult. Therefore, herein, we review the different types of in vitro models mimicking features of AD. The simplest models are two-dimensional culture systems composed of immune cells or keratinocytes, whereas three-dimensional skin or epidermal equivalents reconstitute more complex stratified tissues exhibiting barrier properties. In those models, hallmarks of AD are obtained, either by challenging tissues with interleukin cocktails overexpressed in AD epidermis or by silencing expression of pivotal genes encoding epidermal barrier proteins. Tissue equivalents cocultured with lymphocytes or containing AD patient cells are also described. Furthermore, each model is placed in its study context with a brief summary of the main results obtained. In conclusion, the described in vitro models are useful tools to better understand AD pathogenesis, but also to screen new compounds in the field of AD, which probably will open the way to new preventive or therapeutic strategies.

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The Roles of Th2-Type Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis

Cited by 2 publications

References 51 publications

The Role of Radioallergosorbent Testing (RAST) Early in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Children and Adults Referred to Secondary Care in the United Kingdom

The Role of Radioallergosorbent Testing (RAST) Early in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Children and Adults Referred to Secondary Care in the United Kingdom

Atopic Dermatitis Studies through In Vitro Models

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