The roles of lipids in SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and the host immune response

Theken, Katherine N.; Tang, Soon Yew; Sengupta, Shaon; FitzGerald, Garret A.

doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100129

Cited by 61 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 140 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…Regarding the lipoproteome, several other (not metabolomic-based) studies have reported changes in lipid and lipoproteins profile associated with COVID-19 [ 32 , 33 ]. According to metabolomics, the most frequently reported changes are a decrement in total serum cholesterol (and of its main fractions, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling metabolites and lipoproteins in COMETA, an Italian cohort of COVID-19 patients

et al. 2022

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Metabolomics and lipidomics have been used in several studies to define the biochemical alterations induced by COVID-19 in comparison with healthy controls. Those studies highlighted the presence of a strong signature, attributable to both metabolites and lipoproteins/lipids. Here, 1H NMR spectra were acquired on EDTA-plasma from three groups of subjects: i) hospitalized COVID-19 positive patients (≤21 days from the first positive nasopharyngeal swab); ii) hospitalized COVID-19 positive patients (>21 days from the first positive nasopharyngeal swab); iii) subjects after 2–6 months from SARS-CoV-2 eradication. A Random Forest model built using the EDTA-plasma spectra of COVID-19 patients ≤21 days and Post COVID-19 subjects, provided a high discrimination accuracy (93.6%), indicating both the presence of a strong fingerprint of the acute infection and the substantial metabolic healing of Post COVID-19 subjects. The differences originate from significant alterations in the concentrations of 16 metabolites and 74 lipoprotein components. The model was then used to predict the spectra of COVID-19>21 days subjects. In this group, the metabolite levels are closer to those of the Post COVID-19 subjects than to those of the COVID-19≤21 days; the opposite occurs for the lipoproteins. Within the acute phase patients, characteristic trends in metabolite levels are observed as a function of the disease severity. The metabolites found altered in COVID-19≤21 days patients with respect to Post COVID-19 individuals overlap with acute infection biomarkers identified previously in comparison with healthy subjects. Along the trajectory towards healing, the metabolome reverts back to the “healthy” state faster than the lipoproteome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling metabolites and lipoproteins in COMETA, an Italian cohort of COVID-19 patients

et al. 2022

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“…The success of the fusion process also depends upon the composition of the viral and host membranes, given that the biophysical properties of different lipid species determines membrane fluidity and curvature [see (160) for a review]. If on one side phosphatidylethanolamine and cholesterol are found to enhance membrane fluidity and promote a negative curvature critical for viral fusion, lysophospholipids (LPLs) promote positive curvature and inhibit fusion (161).…”

Section: The Importance Of Lipids For Sars-cov-2 Entrymentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 and the Host Cell: A Tale of Interactions

Pizzato¹,

Baraldi²,

Sopetto³

et al. 2022

Front.Virol.

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The ability of a virus to spread between individuals, its replication capacity and the clinical course of the infection are macroscopic consequences of a multifaceted molecular interaction of viral components with the host cell. The heavy impact of COVID-19 on the world population, economics and sanitary systems calls for therapeutic and prophylactic solutions that require a deep characterization of the interactions occurring between virus and host cells. Unveiling how SARS-CoV-2 engages with host factors throughout its life cycle is therefore fundamental to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the viral infection and to design antiviral therapies and prophylactic strategies. Two years into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, this review provides an overview of the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the host cell, with focus on the machinery and compartments pivotal for virus replication and the antiviral cellular response. Starting with the interaction with the cell surface, following the virus replicative cycle through the characterization of the entry pathways, the survival and replication in the cytoplasm, to the mechanisms of egress from the infected cell, this review unravels the complex network of interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and the host cell, highlighting the knowledge that has the potential to set the basis for the development of innovative antiviral strategies.

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“… 22 They were suspected to alter the expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the main entry receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2 and/or modify viral replication. 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 In addition, they could be either harmful by impairing antiviral response and delaying resolution of inflammation 15 , 18 , 27 , 28 or be beneficial by dampening of hyperinflammation and cytokine storm 29 , 30 and preventing thrombosis 31 , 32 (Figure 3 ). Some of these concerns have now been addressed experimentally and epidemiologically, and several clinical trials have been initiated.…”

Section: Nsaids In Covid‐19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers on antiviral and allergic responses: EAACI task force on eicosanoids consensus report in times of COVID‐19

Sokołowska

Rovati

Diamant

et al. 2022

Allergy

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Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers are among the most ubiquitously used medications in the general population. Their broad anti‐inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects are applied against symptoms of respiratory infections, including SARS‐CoV‐2, as well as in other acute and chronic inflammatory diseases that often coexist with allergy and asthma. However, the current pandemic of COVID‐19 also revealed the gaps in our understanding of their mechanism of action, selectivity, and interactions not only during viral infections and inflammation, but also in asthma exacerbations, uncontrolled allergic inflammation, and NSAIDs‐exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD). In this context, the consensus report summarizes currently available knowledge, novel discoveries, and controversies regarding the use of NSAIDs in COVID‐19, and the role of NSAIDs in asthma and viral asthma exacerbations. We also describe here novel mechanisms of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs), outline how to predict responses to LTRA therapy and discuss a potential role of LTRA therapy in COVID‐19 treatment. Moreover, we discuss interactions of novel T2 biologicals and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers on the horizon, such as prostaglandin D2 antagonists and cannabinoids, with eicosanoid pathways, in context of viral infections and exacerbations of asthma and allergic diseases. Finally, we identify and summarize the major knowledge gaps and unmet needs in current eicosanoid research.

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The roles of lipids in SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and the host immune response

Cited by 61 publications

References 140 publications

Profiling metabolites and lipoproteins in COMETA, an Italian cohort of COVID-19 patients

Profiling metabolites and lipoproteins in COMETA, an Italian cohort of COVID-19 patients

SARS-CoV-2 and the Host Cell: A Tale of Interactions

Effects of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers on antiviral and allergic responses: EAACI task force on eicosanoids consensus report in times of COVID‐19

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