The roles of herpes simplex virus in neuroscience

Turner, Sharon L; Jenkins, Frank J.

doi:10.3109/13550289709015801

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 149 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…However, glial responses to HSV-1 infection may affect normal axonal myelination in vivo [2], and hence negatively influence action potential propagation in chronically infected neural systems. This could help explain previous reports of demyelination of CNS axons after herpes infection [31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Herpes simplex virus type 1 induces filopodia in differentiated P19 neural cells to facilitate viral spread

Dixit

Tiwari

Shukla

2008

Neuroscience Letters

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Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus with significant potential as a viral vector for CNS gene therapy. This study provides visual evidence that recombinant green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing HSV-1 travel down dendrites in differentiated P19 neuronal-like cells to efficiently reach the soma. The virus also promotes cytoskeletal rearrangements which facilitate viral spread in vitro, including often dramatic increases in dendritic filopodia. Viral movements, cell infection and filopodia induction were each reduced with the actin polymerization inhibitor cytochalasin D, suggesting the involvement of the actin cortex in these processes. The observation of neural cytoskeletal reorganization in response to HSV-1 may shed light on the mechanisms by which acute viral infection associated with herpes encephalitis produces cognitive deficits in patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Herpes simplex virus type 1 induces filopodia in differentiated P19 neural cells to facilitate viral spread

Dixit

Tiwari

Shukla

2008

Neuroscience Letters

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“…The method is based upon the ability of viruses to invade neurons and produce infectious progeny that pass transneuronally at synapses to infect synaptically connected neurons. With increasing survival, the infection moves through neural networks, marking each neuron with distinctive viral or reporter proteins and thereby providing an effective means of defining the synaptic organization of functionally defined circuitry (Card and Enquist 2012; Ekstrand et al 2008; Enquist et al 2002; Loewy 1995; Kelly and Strick 2000; Card and Enquist 1994; Kuypers and Ugolini 1990; Kristensson et al 1982; Turner and Jenkins 1997; Geerling et al 2006). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuroinvasive profiles of H129 (herpes simplex virus type 1) recombinants with putative anterograde-only transneuronal spread properties

et al. 2014

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The use of viruses as transneuronal tracers has become an increasingly powerful technique for defining the synaptic organization of neural networks. Although a number of recombinant alpha herpesviruses are known to spread selectively in the retrograde direction through neural circuits only one strain, the H129 strain of herpes simplex virus type 1, is reported to selectively spread in the anterograde direction. However, it is unclear from the literature whether there is an absolute block or an attenuation of retrograde spread of H129. Here we demonstrate efficient anterograde spread, and temporally delayed retrograde spread, of H129 and three novel recombinants. In vitro studies revealed no differences in anterograde and retrograde spread of parental H129 and its recombinants through superior cervical ganglion neurons. In vivo injections of rat striatum revealed a clear bias of anterograde spread, although evidence of deficient retrograde transport was also present. Evidence of temporally delayed retrograde transneuronal spread of H129 in the retina was observed following injection of the lateral geniculate nucleus. The data also demonstrated that three novel recombinants efficiently express unique fluorescent reporters and have the capacity to infect the same neurons in dual infection paradigms. From these experiments we conclude that H129 and its recombinants efficiently infect neurons through anterograde transneuronal passage, but also are capable of temporally delayed retrograde transneuronal spread. In addition, the capacity to produce dual infection of projection targets following anterograde transneuronal passage provides an important addition to viral transneuronal tracing technology.

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“…If so, stress-mediated HCMV reactivation follows a mechanism very similar to that known for ·-herpesviruses (HSV1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus) [for reviews, see ref. 46,47]. Interestingly, intraoperative hypothermia during liver transplantation was found to increase the risk of HCMV infection [48], and as is known, hypothermia is an event which induces stress hormones.…”

Section: Hcmv Reactivation By Stress and Camp-elevating Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Cytomegalovirus Reactivation in Bone-Marrow-Derived Granulocyte/Monocyte Progenitor Cells and Mature Monocytes

Prösch¹,

Döcke²,

Reinke

et al. 1999

Intervirology

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Monocyte/granulocyte progenitor cells of the bone marrow are a major site of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) latency. The mechanisms of establishment and maintenance of HCMV latency are still unknown. Reactivation of the latent virus in bone-marrow-derived progenitor cells has been demonstrated in vitro and suggested to occur also in vivo. Clinical studies have shown that reactivation is a rather frequent event not only in immunosuppressed but also in nonimmunosuppressed patients and in healthy blood donors. At least three independent mechanisms of virus reactivation are discussed: systemic inflammation connected with strong tumor necrosis factor alpha release; application of cAMP-elevating drugs, and highly stressful events associated with increased plasma catecholamine levels.

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The roles of herpes simplex virus in neuroscience

Cited by 15 publications

References 149 publications

Herpes simplex virus type 1 induces filopodia in differentiated P19 neural cells to facilitate viral spread

Herpes simplex virus type 1 induces filopodia in differentiated P19 neural cells to facilitate viral spread

The neuroinvasive profiles of H129 (herpes simplex virus type 1) recombinants with putative anterograde-only transneuronal spread properties

Human Cytomegalovirus Reactivation in Bone-Marrow-Derived Granulocyte/Monocyte Progenitor Cells and Mature Monocytes

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