The Roles of Heat and Gas in a Mushy Magma Chamber

Liao, Yang

doi:10.1029/2022jb024357

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The quantitative framework is detailed in the Supplementary Appendix S1 and briefly summarized here. The thermal-mechanical couplings stated above are reflected by the constitutive relations and evolution equations for melt velocity and temperature, which are similar to those in Liao (2022). The strain-stress relations are (Biot, 1941;Cheng, 2016).…”

Section: Model and Approachmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…β s is the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient for the solid crystals. The thermal expansion coefficient of the gas-rich pore magma β pore encodes the content of exsolved gas, which is assumed to be in the form of disconnected bubbles [see Supplementary Appendix S1 and (Liao, 2022)].…”

Section: Model and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the linear thermo-poro-viscoelastic constitutive relations, Darcy's law, mass conservation, energy conservation and stress equilibrium condition similar to (Liao, 2022), I derive the evolution equations for pore pressure, fluid velocity, and temperature in the mush column. The perturbations are considered to be small, allowing the evolution equations to be linearized (Kaviany, 2012).…”

Section: Model and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The migration of melt and transport of pressure and heat in the mush layer occur while retaining the structural integrity of the crystalline framework (i.e., no disaggregation or re-melting). Following Liao (2022), I assume a thermo-poro-visco-elastic mush rheology that describes the deformation, pressurization, melt migration, and temperature evolution in the mush. The quantitative framework centering around the chosen rheology incorporates several physical processes, including the coupling between pore fluid pressurization and solid deformation, the viscoelastic relaxation of the crystalline framework under deviatoric stresses, the generation of thermal stress and pore pressure due to thermal expansion/contraction of fluid and solid, the diffusion of heat, and the advection of heat by porous flows.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quantitative framework centering around the chosen rheology incorporates several physical processes, including the coupling between pore fluid pressurization and solid deformation, the viscoelastic relaxation of the crystalline framework under deviatoric stresses, the generation of thermal stress and pore pressure due to thermal expansion/contraction of fluid and solid, the diffusion of heat, and the advection of heat by porous flows. These physical processes have been studied to limited extent in physical models on mushy magmatic reservoirs, which are now examined in the new context of vertically extensive crystal mush column/layer (Liao et al, 2018;Liao, 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transport of melt, pressure and heat through a magma mush

Liao

2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Prior to intrusion, magma migrates through the crustal plumbing system that likely contains layers or columns of crystal mush. To better understand the behavior of the crustal magmatic system during magmatic unrest, it is important to examine the process of melt migration within the crystal mush and the associated evolution in pressure and temperature. In this study I use an analytical model to explore the characteristics of transport of melt, pressure, and heat through an idealized crystal mush layer/column under uniaxial strain condition. The model invokes a thermo-poro-viscoelastic rheology and uses a frequency-domain method to explore two scenarios of magmatic unrest: harmonic perturbation of fluid pressure, and step-rise in fluid pressure at a source location. Several factors influence the transport of melt, pressure and heat, including the thermal-mechanical coupling arising from the mush rheology, the advection of heat by melt flows, the competition between thermal diffusivity and poroelastic diffusivity, and the viscoelastic relaxation of the crystalline framework. One key finding is the development of transport asymmetry: when a background temperature gradient exists, the transport properties become different for propagation along the background thermal gradient and propagation against the background thermal gradient. Analysis on an endmember case shows that the transport asymmetry is associated to the competition between the diffusion and advection of pore pressure, which determines a Peclet number that depends on the temperature difference across the mush and the thermal expansion coefficients. Because the temperature in magma mushes in the crust likely increase with depth, the observed propagation asymmetry suggests some intrinsic difference between a bottom-up vs. a top-down triggering mechanism for magmatic unrest. The results from this study highlight the importance for further exploration for a more complete description of the transport properties in the crystal mush.

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Section: Model and Approachmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Model and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transport of melt, pressure and heat through a magma mush

Liao

2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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History‐Dependent Volcanic Ground Deformation From Broad‐Spectrum Viscoelastic Rheology Around Magma Reservoirs

Liao

Karlstrom

Erickson

2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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Geodetic timeseries suggest that volcanoes exhibit a wide range of deformation patterns. Viscoelastic deformation around crustal magma storage zones is an expected contributor to such observations, but is challenging to characterize robustly. Here we present a novel approach to modeling crustal deformation around magma reservoirs that identifies frequency‐domain signatures of viscoelastic response for temperature‐dependent crustal rheology. We develop a transfer function that links unsteady reservoir pressure forcing to surface displacement, finding that thermomechanical properties and geometry of the magmatic system are encoded in viscoelastic response on timescales where geodetic observations are routinely made. Inhomogeneous viscoelasticity is reflected by spatially variable relaxation of host rocks that results in a viscous aureole whose size depends on the frequency spectrum of forcing. We explore viscoelastic signatures of broadband pressurization episodes, identifying a history dependence of volcano deformation in which past activity influences the stress state and surface deformation patterns of future episodes.

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Compartmentalization of Axial Seamount's Magma Reservoir Inferred by Analytical and Numerical Deformation Modeling With Realistic Geometry

Slead,

Wei,

Nooner

et al. 2024

JGR Solid Earth

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Axial Seamount is a submarine volcano on the Juan de Fuca Ridge with enhanced magma supply from the Cobb hotspot. We compare several deformation model configurations to explore how the spatial component of Axial's deformation time series relates to magma reservoir geometry imaged by multi‐channel seismic (MCS) surveys. To constrain the models, we use vertical displacements from seafloor pressure sensors and repeat autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) bathymetric surveys between 2016 and 2020. We show that implementing the MCS‐derived 3D main magma reservoir (MMR) geometry with uniform pressure in a finite element model with uniform elastic host rock properties poorly fits the geodetic data. To test the hypothesis that there is compartmentalization within the MMR that results in heterogeneous pressure distribution, we compare analytical models using various horizontal sill configurations constrained by the MMR geometry. Using distributed pressure sources significantly improves the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the inflation data and the models by an order of magnitude. The RMSE between the AUV data and the models is not improved as much, likely due to larger uncertainty of the AUV data. The models estimate the volume change for the 2016–2020 inter‐eruptive inflation period to be between 0.054 and 0.060 km3 and suggest that the MMR is compartmentalized, with most magma accumulating in sill‐like bodies embedded in crystal mush along the western‐central edge of the MMR. The results reveal the complexity of Axial's plumbing system and demonstrate the utility of integrating geodetic data and seismic imagery to gain insights into magma storage at active volcanoes.

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The Roles of Heat and Gas in a Mushy Magma Chamber

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Transport of melt, pressure and heat through a magma mush

Transport of melt, pressure and heat through a magma mush

History‐Dependent Volcanic Ground Deformation From Broad‐Spectrum Viscoelastic Rheology Around Magma Reservoirs

Compartmentalization of Axial Seamount's Magma Reservoir Inferred by Analytical and Numerical Deformation Modeling With Realistic Geometry

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