The Roles of GDF-9, BMP-15, BMP-4 and EMMPRIN in Folliculogenesis and In Vitro Fertilization
Serafeim Fountas,
Efthymia Petinaki,
Stamatis Bolaris
et al.
Abstract:Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) contributes to early ovarian development and oocyte survival. Higher concentrations of GDF-9 in follicular fluid (FF) are associated with oocyte nuclear maturation and optimal embryo development. In in vitro fertilization (IVF), GDF-9 affects the ability of the oocyte to fertilize and subsequent embryonic development. Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15) is involved in the regulation of ovarian function and affects oocyte development. During IVF, BMP-15 contributes to … Show more
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