The Roles of Flux Tube Entropy and Effective Gravity in the Inward Plasma Transport at Saturn

Abstract

The inward plasma transport at the Saturnian magnetosphere is examined using the flux tube interchange stability formalism developed by Southwood & Kivelson. Seven events are selected. Three cases are considered: (1) the injected flux tube and ambient plasmas are nonisotropic, (2) the injected flux tube and ambient plasmas are isotropic, and (3) the injected flux tube plasma is isotropic, but the ambient plasma is nonisotropic. Case 1 may be relevant for fresh injections, while case 3 may be relevant for old injections. For cases 1 and 2, all but one event have negative stability conditions, suggesting that the flux tube should be moving inward. For case 3, the injections located at L > 11 have negative stability conditions, while four out of five of the injections at L < 9 have positive stability conditions. The positive stability condition for small L suggests that the injection may be near its equilibrium position and possibly oscillating thereabouts—hence the outward transport if the flux tube overshot the equilibrium position. The flux tube entropy plays an important role in braking the plasma inward transport. When the stability condition is positive, it is because the entropy term, which is positive, counters and dominates the effective gravity term, which is negative for all the events. The ambient plasma and drift-out from adjacent injections can affect the stability and the inward motion of the injected flux tube. The results have implications for inward plasma transport in the Jovian magnetosphere, as well as other fast-rotating planetary magnetospheres.

Jupiter's Sheared Flow Unstable Magnetopause Boundary Observed by Juno

“…Nevertheless, one should recognize that other mechanisms can cause strong modification of the magnetopause boundary. For instance, a strong solar wind pressure change (shock) can deform the boundary, and it is possible that internal perturbations due to radial transport processes (e.g., interchange instability and magnetodisc reconnection) could perturb the boundary (Ma et al., 2019; Wing, 2022). All of these processes could operate simultaneously.…”