The Roles of Estrogen and Progesterone in Regulating Carbohydrate and Fat Utilization at Rest and during Exercise

D'Eon, Tara M.; Braun, Barry

doi:10.1089/152460902753668439

Cited by 46 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Animal studies have shown that in mature female rats, oestrogens have a powerful influence on substrate utilization during exercise (Tate & Holtz, 1998). Oestrogens are responsible for the shift of fuel oxidation away from carbohydrates towards fat by promoting lipid oxidation, which increases free fatty acid availability, while decreasing the rate of gluconeogenesis leading to carbohydrate sparing and decreased rate of glycogen use during exercise (D'Eon & Braun, 2002;Horton & Braun, 2004;Tarnopolsky, MacDougall, Atkinson, Tarnopolsky, & Sutton, 1990). As for the effect of testosterone, the hormone contributes to the "male" pattern of substrate use by reducing reliance on lipids and increasing the use of carbohydrates (Braun, Gerson, Hagobian, Grow, & Chipkin, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender dimorphic effects of voluntary running in laboratory rats depends on maturational status

Carrera

Cerrato

Vázquez

et al. 2011

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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This study examined the effect of 24 hr per day wheel access on running, body weight, and food intake for 30- or 50-day-old male and female rats under ad lib feeding conditions. Food intake and body weight were also monitored in a control group housed without access to running wheels. A dimorphic effect was observed after wheel introduction in 50-day-old but not 30-day-old rats: A temporary decline in food intake and a lasting decrease in body weight occurred for active male rats in comparison to their sedentary controls, and wheel access facilitated food intake and preserved body weight gain in female rats in comparison to their sedentary counterparts. Hyperphagia in adult females is interpreted in terms of the evolutionary acquired advantage linked to their reproductive function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender dimorphic effects of voluntary running in laboratory rats depends on maturational status

Carrera

Cerrato

Vázquez

et al. 2011

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…Circulating E 2 level may play a significant role in substrate oxidation during exercise [10]. Several studies in rats [11][12][13][14] and in humans [15] have shown that E 2 supplementation influences substrate selection during endurance exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have shown that premenopausal women utilize fat to a greater extent and carbohydrate to a lesser extent than men during aerobic exercise at the same relative intensity [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. This difference during aerobic exercise may reflect differences in estrogen concentration [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in substrate oxidation during aerobic exercise in obese men and postmenopausal obese women

et al. 2009

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“…Ethics approval was obtained from the School of Biomedical Sciences Animal Ethics Committee, and all animal experimentation was conducted in accord with accepted standards of humane animal care. Under general anesthesia (20 mg/kg iv pentobarbital sodium and maintained with 1-2% isoflurane and oxygen), all animals were ovariectomized to avoid cyclic variations in plasma levels of ovarian hormones (10,28). At least 2 wk after ovariectomy, animals underwent a second surgery, also under general anesthesia (see Animals), where cannulas were inserted into one femoral artery.…”

Section: Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central infusion of leptin does not increase AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle of sheep

Laker

Henry

Wadley

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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In sheep, central leptin infusion reduces food intake and increases energy expenditure in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. The mechanisms for these peripheral effects of central leptin in sheep are not known but, on the basis of rodent studies, may involve AMPK. In mice, central leptin acutely increases both skeletal muscle AMPK activation and glucose uptake. Thus, to investigate whether these effects exist in higher-order mammals, ovariectomized Corriedale ewes (n ϭ 4 per group) received a continuous lateral ventricular infusion (60 l/h) of either leptin (50 g/h) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; CON) for 8 days. Tritiated glucose (3-3 H-glucose) was infused intravenously for calculation of whole body glucose turnover during both acute (6 h) and chronic (7-8 days) leptin/aCSF infusion. Muscle biopsies were also obtained. Leptin infusion reduced (P Ͻ 0.05) food intake and body weight, and it also increased plasma epinephrine concentration at 6 h and 7 days, suggesting increased sympathetic nerve activity. Despite this, and in contrast to rodent studies, central leptin infusion did not increase skeletal muscle AMPK␣ Thr 172 phosphorylation or ACC␤ Ser 221 phosphorylation. Surprisingly, the glucose rate of appearance (glucose Ra) and rate of disappearance (glucose Rd) were reduced by both acute and chronic leptin infusion. Direct infusion of the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) into the femoral artery increased skeletal muscle AMPK phosphorylation. In conclusion, although central leptin infusion in sheep caused the predicted reduction in food intake and increases plasma epinephrine concentration, it had no effect on AMPK activation in skeletal muscle and actually reduced glucose disposal. This suggests that there are species differences in the peripheral responses to central leptin infusion. glucose turnover; AICAR TYPE 2 DIABETES AND OBESITY are characterized by impaired glucose (68) and fat (46) metabolism in peripheral tissues, especially skeletal muscle. It has been proposed that inactivity of the energy-sensing enzyme AMPK, may play an important role in the development of these disorders (16,17,67). Acute pharmacological activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) increases glucose uptake (20,32,40) and fat oxidation (40, 43) in skeletal muscle.Administration of AICAR on a daily basis leads to favorable alterations in cellular bioenergetics (66) that can prevent diabetes in obese Zucker rats (50).Physiologically, AMPK is activated during exercise by an energy deficit in the cell via an increase in the AMP:ATP ratio (19). However, AMPK can also be activated in skeletal muscle by a number of other signals, including upstream AMPK kinase(s) (19), metformin (44), and in rodent skeletal muscle, by the adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin (43). Blood leptin levels are generally proportional to adipose tissue mass (15,35), and whether it is administered centrally or peripherally, leptin reduces food intake (41, 57) and increases energy expe...

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The Roles of Estrogen and Progesterone in Regulating Carbohydrate and Fat Utilization at Rest and during Exercise

Abstract: Understanding the role of the ovarian hormones in fat and carbohydrate metabolism during exercise may have practical applications in terms of understanding the metabolic consequences of amenorrhea, menopause, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Cited by 46 publications

References 53 publications

Gender dimorphic effects of voluntary running in laboratory rats depends on maturational status

Gender dimorphic effects of voluntary running in laboratory rats depends on maturational status

Sex differences in substrate oxidation during aerobic exercise in obese men and postmenopausal obese women

Central infusion of leptin does not increase AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle of sheep

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