The Role of Xylem Parenchyma in the Storage and Utilization of Nonstructural Carbohydrates

Plavcová, Lenka; Jansen, Steven

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15783-2_8

Cited by 88 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(140 reference statements)

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“…It is well known that the part of the secondary xylem in tree stems that has not yet undergone heartwood formation includes living and thus respiring parenchyma cells. Functions of these parenchyma cells include storage and transport of NSCs (Plavcová & Jansen, ) and for mature trees that have been sampled, the average age of NSC carbon increases with distance from the cambium (Richardson et al ., ; Trumbore et al ., ). Therefore, respiration of older substrates deeper in the stem is expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living on borrowed time – Amazonian trees use decade‐old storage carbon to survive for months after complete stem girdling

et al. 2018

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Summary Nonstructural carbon (NSC) reserves act as buffers to sustain tree activity during periods when carbon (C) assimilation does not meet C demand, but little is known about their age and accessibility; we designed a controlled girdling experiment in the Amazon to study tree survival on NSC reserves.We used bomb‐radiocarbon (14C) to monitor the time elapsed between C fixation and release (‘age’ of substrates). We simultaneously monitored how the mobilization of reserve C affected δ13 CO 2.Six ungirdled control trees relied almost exclusively on recent assimilates throughout the 17 months of measurement. The Δ14C of CO 2 emitted from the six girdled stems increased significantly over time after girdling, indicating substantial remobilization of storage NSC fixed up to 13–14 yr previously. This remobilization was not accompanied by a consistent change in observed δ13 CO 2.These trees have access to storage pools integrating C accumulated over more than a decade. Remobilization follows a very clear reverse chronological mobilization with younger reserve pools being mobilized first. The lack of a shift in the δ13 CO 2 might indicate a constant contribution of starch hydrolysis to the soluble sugar pool even outside pronounced stress periods (regular mixing).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living on borrowed time – Amazonian trees use decade‐old storage carbon to survive for months after complete stem girdling

et al. 2018

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“…Axial and ray parenchyma have been suggested to influence embolism reversal (see Plavcova and Jansen 2015, for a review of xylem anatomy). Evidence for a role of parenchyma in providing water and carbohydrates have been reported in many studies.…”

Section: Recent Non-destructive Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylem embolism refilling and resilience against drought‐induced mortality in woody plants: processes and trade‐offs

Klein

Zeppel

Anderegg

et al. 2018

Ecological Research

134

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Understanding which species are able to recover from drought, under what conditions, and the mechanistic processes involved, will facilitate predictions of plant mortality in response to global change. In response to drought, some species die because of embolism-induced hydraulic failure, whilst others are able to avoid mortality and recover, following rehydration. Several tree species have evolved strategies to avoid embolism, whereas others tolerate high embolism rates but can recover their hydraulic functioning upon drought relief. Here, we focus on structures and processes that might allow some plants to recover from drought stress via embolism reversal. We provide insights into how embolism repair may have evolved, anatomical and physiological features that facilitate this process, and describe possible trade-offs and related costs. Recent controversies on methods used for estimating embolism formation/repair are also discussed, providing some methodological suggestions. Although controversial, embolism repair processes are apparently based on the activity of phloem and ray/axial parenchyma. The mechanism is energetically demanding, and the costs to plants include metabolism and transport of soluble sugars, water and inorganic ions. We propose that embolism repair should be considered as a possible component of a 'hydraulic efficiency-safety' spectrum. We also advance a framework for vegetation models, describing how vulnerability curves may change in hydrodynamic model formulations for plants that recover from embolism.

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“…The principle function of ray parenchyma is the radial translocation and storage of non‐structural carbohydrates (NSCs), water, and nutrients. The axial parenchyma has been related to the storage of NSCs and water, contributing to sapwood capacitance (Borchert & Pockman, ; Plavcová & Jansen, ). Furthermore, the xylem axial parenchyma fraction also increases with increasing vessel diameter, suggesting a possible role of axial parenchyma in axial water transport (Morris et al, ; Zheng & Martínez‐Cabrera, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood allocation trade‐offs between fiber wall, fiber lumen, and axial parenchyma drive drought resistance in neotropical trees

Janßen

Hölttä

Fleischer

et al. 2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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Functional relationships between wood density and measures of xylem hydraulic safety and efficiency are ambiguous, especially in wet tropical forests. In this meta‐analysis, we move beyond wood density per se and identify relationships between xylem allocated to fibers, parenchyma, and vessels and measures of hydraulic safety and efficiency. We analyzed published data of xylem traits, hydraulic properties and measures of drought resistance from neotropical tree species retrieved from 346 sources. We found that xylem volume allocation to fiber walls increases embolism resistance, but at the expense of specific conductivity and sapwood capacitance. Xylem volume investment in fiber lumen increases capacitance, while investment in axial parenchyma is associated with higher specific conductivity. Dominant tree taxa from wet forests prioritize xylem allocation to axial parenchyma at the expense of fiber walls, resulting in a low embolism resistance for a given wood density and a high vulnerability to drought‐induced mortality. We conclude that strong trade‐offs between xylem allocation to fiber walls, fiber lumen, and axial parenchyma drive drought resistance in neotropical trees. Moreover, the benefits of xylem allocation to axial parenchyma in wet tropical trees might not outweigh the consequential low embolism resistance under more frequent and severe droughts in a changing climate.

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The Role of Xylem Parenchyma in the Storage and Utilization of Nonstructural Carbohydrates

Cited by 88 publications

References 123 publications

Living on borrowed time – Amazonian trees use decade‐old storage carbon to survive for months after complete stem girdling

Living on borrowed time – Amazonian trees use decade‐old storage carbon to survive for months after complete stem girdling

Xylem embolism refilling and resilience against drought‐induced mortality in woody plants: processes and trade‐offs

Wood allocation trade‐offs between fiber wall, fiber lumen, and axial parenchyma drive drought resistance in neotropical trees

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