The Role of Water Balance Modelling in the Transition to Low Impact Development

Graham, Patrick; Maclean, Laura; Medina, Dan; Patwardhan, Avinash S.; Vasarhelyi, Gabor

doi:10.2166/wqrj.2004.046

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Both quantity and quality aspects have also to be considered in order to assess the performance of most BMPs and, in recent years, a number of software packages have been developed to analyze specifically BMPs. These include for example SLAMM (Pitt and Voorhes, 2000), P8 (Walker, 1990;, MUSIC (Wong et al, 2002), WWHM3 (Clear Creek Solutions, 2006), HSPF BMP Toolkit (EPA, 2008) and LIFE (Graham et al, 2004). Many of these programs can be better categorized as planning tools to evaluate BMPs globally, and most lack complete dynamic flow routing.…”

Section: Quantitative Bmp Modeling With Swmm5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Storm Hydrology and BMP Modeling with SWMM5

Rivard¹

2010

JWMM

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Stormwater management practices increasingly are required to meet not only peak flowrate restrictions but also are required to include measures that can minimize the impacts on base flow, water quality in receiving waters and erosion in watercourses. The best management practices (BMPs) and low impact development (LID) techniques that are specifically designed to reduce these impacts generally consider small to moderate rainfall events and the hydrologic modeling of these events is in some respect different from the modeling for the larger storms that are typically used in control of peak flowrates.Small storm hydrology features have been defined and studied for the past 20 y (Pitt, 1987;1999a) to examine the specific elements that should be taken into account for the design of BMPs used for recharge, quality and erosion control. After a discussion of characteristics of rainfall events and design criteria, this chapter reviews small storm hydrology concepts and the main findings as they are currently applied in different stormwater management guides.The chapter subsequently describes how SWMM5 (Stormwater Management Model, V5-as implemented in PCSWMM.NET) could be used to reproduce results obtained empirically in small storm hydrology research, with a specific discussion of design storms. Finally, the use of SWMM5 for the analysis of filter strip, infiltration trench, porous pavement and bioretention is discussed.

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Section: Quantitative Bmp Modeling With Swmm5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Storm Hydrology and BMP Modeling with SWMM5

Rivard¹

2010

JWMM

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“…Collectively these techniques have been termed Low Impact Development (LID) in US (or Sustainable Drainage Systems in UK or Water Sensitive Urban Design in Australia). Generally speaking, these techniques rely on distributed runoff management measures that seek to control stormwater by reducing imperviousness and retaining, infiltrating and reusing stormwater on the development site where it is generated (Graham et al, 2004). LID has been recommended as an innovative solution for stormwater management (Andoh and Declerck, 1997;Montalto et al, 2007;Palhegyi, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of low impact development on urban flooding under different rainfall characteristics

Qin

2013

Journal of Environmental Management

422

201

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a b s t r a c tLow impact development (LID) is generally regarded as a more sustainable solution for urban stormwater management than conventional urban drainage systems. However, its effects on urban flooding at a scale of urban drainage systems have not been fully understood particularly when different rainfall characteristics are considered. In this paper, using an urbanizing catchment in China as a case study, the effects of three LID techniques (swale, permeable pavement and green roof) on urban flooding are analyzed and compared with the conventional drainage system design. A range of storm events with different rainfall amounts, durations and locations of peak intensity are considered for holistic assessment of the LID techniques. The effects are measured by the total flood volume reduction during a storm event compared to the conventional drainage system design. The results obtained indicate that all three LID scenarios are more effective in flood reduction during heavier and shorter storm events. Their performance, however, varies significantly according to the location of peak intensity. That is, swales perform best during a storm event with an early peak, permeable pavements perform best with a middle peak, and green roofs perform best with a late peak, respectively. The trends of flood reduction can be explained using a newly proposed water balance method, i.e., by comparing the effective storage depth of the LID designs with the accumulative rainfall amounts at the beginning and end of flooding in the conventional drainage system. This paper provides an insight into the performance of LID designs under different rainfall characteristics, which is essential for effective urban flood management.

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“…In recent years, the green infrastructure (GI) has been widely used in many cities in the USA, and in the UK, Canada, Germany and New Zealand to mitigate urban flooding (Ahiablame et al, 2012). The GI employs principles such as preserving and recreating natural landscape features, implementing some on-site infrastructures that work with nature to reduce the storm water runoff from sources (Graham et al, 2004). It is an economically and environmentally viable approach for developing sustainable and resilient communities, adapting climate change, as well as for promoting smart growth and urban sustainability McMahon, 2002, 2006;Dunn, 2010;Foster et al, 2011;Gill et al, 2007;Mell, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the effectiveness of green infrastructures on urban flooding reduction: A community scale study

Liu

Peng

2014

Ecological Modelling

235

112

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a b s t r a c tThe risk of urban flooding is increasing as a result of rapid urbanization. Green infrastructure (GI) is an emerging planning and design concept to mitigate urban flooding. A community scale simulation model was developed to quantify the effectiveness of GI on reducing the volume and peak flow of urban flooding. Five scenarios, namely expanding green space, converting to concave green space, constructing a runoff retention structure, converting to porous brick pavement, and combining previous four measures were considered for an urban community in Beijing. The outcomes showed that the model performed responsively to simulate the storm runoffs at varying recurrence intervals under these scenarios. Simulation results showed that, the impervious surfaces have the most contribution to the storm runoffs of the community. The reduction capacity for single GI facility was limited, especially in bigger storm events. The integrated GI configuration has effective reduction percentage, such as the total runoff reduction was ranged from 100% to 85.0% and the peak flow reduced 100-92.8%. This work can guide local planners and decision makers in their actions on green infrastructures in community scale.

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The Role of Water Balance Modelling in the Transition to Low Impact Development

Cited by 37 publications

References 5 publications

Small Storm Hydrology and BMP Modeling with SWMM5

Small Storm Hydrology and BMP Modeling with SWMM5

The effects of low impact development on urban flooding under different rainfall characteristics

Assessing the effectiveness of green infrastructures on urban flooding reduction: A community scale study

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