The role of water and compression in the genesis of alkaline basalts: Inferences from the Carpathian-Pannonian region

Kovàcs, István; Patkó, Levente; Liptai, Nóra; Lange, Thomas Pieter; Taracsák, Zoltán; Cloetingh, S.A.P.L.; Török, Kálmán; Király, Edit; Karátson, Dávid; Bíró, Tamás; Kiss, János; Pálos, Zsófia; Aradi, László Előd; Falus, Gy.; Hidas, Károly; Berkesi, Márta; Koptev, Alexander; Novák, Attila; Wesztergom, Viktor; Fancsik, Tamás; Szabó, Csaba

doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105323

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…This suggests that mantle upwelling beneath the Pannonian Basin marked by high heat flow (Lenkey et al., 2002) might have played a key role in the detachment/delamination of the Vrancea slab. Although the existence of thermally induced upwelling beneath the Pannonian Basin has been challenged by some recent studies (Harangi et al., 2015; Harangi & Lenkey, 2007), the presence of hydrous plumes from the mantle transition zone (see below) may offer a viable alternative (Kovács et al., 2020).…”

Section: Joint Occurrence Of Upper Mantle Upwelling and Simultaneous mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, mantle instabilities may originate from a hydrous transition zone at ∼410–660 km depth. Although the excess of fluids in this zone was commonly attributed to be the graveyard of previously subducted slabs—for example, the Mesozoic slabs under the Carpathian‐Pannonian region (Kovács et al., 2020; Wortel & Spakman, 2000; Hetényi et al., 2009), it may not be directly linked to the present‐day subduction cycle. Moreover, given the questionable interpretation that slab subduction by itself can bring enough volatiles down to the transition zone (Zheng et al., 2016), some studies have, in contrast, postulated a potentially pristine origin for volatiles in the hydrous transition (e.g., Hier‐Majumder & Hirschmann, 2017).…”

Section: Joint Occurrence Of Upper Mantle Upwelling and Simultaneous mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plume‐Induced Sinking of Intracontinental Lithospheric Mantle: An Overlooked Mechanism of Subduction Initiation?

Cloetingh

Koptev

Kovàcs

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Although many different mechanisms for subduction initiation have been proposed, only few of them are viable in terms of consistency with observations and reproducibility in numerical experiments. In particular, it has recently been demonstrated that intra‐oceanic subduction triggered by an upwelling mantle plume could greatly contribute to the onset and operation of plate tectonics in the early and, to a lesser degree, modern Earth. On the contrary, the initiation of intra‐continental subduction still remains underappreciated. Here we provide an overview of 1) observational evidence for upwelling of hot mantle material flanked by downgoing proto‐slabs of sinking continental mantle lithosphere, and 2) previously published and new numerical models of plume‐induced subduction initiation. Numerical modeling shows that under the condition of a sufficiently thick (>100 km) continental plate, incipient downthrusting at the level of the lowermost lithospheric mantle can be triggered by plume anomalies of moderate temperatures and without significant strain‐ and/or melt‐related weakening of overlying rocks. This finding is in contrast with the requirements for plume‐induced subduction initiation within oceanic or thinner continental lithosphere. As a result, plume‐lithosphere interactions within continental interiors of Paleozoic‐Proterozoic‐(Archean) platforms are the least demanding (and thus potentially very common) mechanism for initiation of subduction‐like foundering in the Phanerozoic Earth. Our findings are supported by a growing body of new geophysical data collected in various intra‐continental areas. A better understanding of the role of intra‐continental mantle downthrusting and foundering in global plate tectonics and, particularly, in the initiation of “classic” ocean‐continent subduction will benefit from more detailed follow‐up investigations.

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Section: Joint Occurrence Of Upper Mantle Upwelling and Simultaneous mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Joint Occurrence Of Upper Mantle Upwelling and Simultaneous mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plume‐Induced Sinking of Intracontinental Lithospheric Mantle: An Overlooked Mechanism of Subduction Initiation?

Cloetingh

Koptev

Kovàcs

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…Clearly, small volumes of melt can easily be generated near the base of the lithosphere, which indeed is just where the REE inversion shows the melting columns are located. The presence of any water in the mantle—and it is likely that there is some beneath the Basin (e.g., Aradi et al., 2017; Falus et al., 2008; Kovács et al., 2020; Lange et al., 2019; Patkó et al., 2019)—would facilitate melting at the conditions of the dry solidus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, a variety of causes has been proposed to explain the generation of basaltic melts. These include decompression melting by asthenospheric upwelling, “finger‐like” asthenospheric plumes, lithospheric edge‐related mantle flow, plate tectonic processes (Embey‐Isztin, Downes, et al., 1993, 2001; Harangi et al., 2015; Seghedi et al., 2004, 2011; Wilson & Downes, 1991), and mantle water content and compression (Kovács et al., 2020). To understand the nature of this post‐extensional intraplate volcanism, as well as similar instances worldwide, it is clearly desirable to obtain robust constraints on the generation of melt and its source region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of the Temperature and Melting Conditions of the Carpathian‐Pannonian Upper Mantle From Volcanism and Seismology

Gartner

McKenzie

2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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What drives the formation of basaltic melts beneath intraplate volcanoes not associated with extensive thermal anomalies or lithospheric extension? Detailed constraints on the melting conditions and source region are imperative to resolve this question. Here we model the geochemistry of alkali basalts and mantle nodules brought up by young (12-0.1 Ma) intraplate volcanoes distributed across the Carpathian-Pannonian region and combine the results with geophysical observations. Rare earth element inversion and forward calculation of elemental concentrations show that the basalts require the mantle to have undergone less than 1% melting in the garnet-spinel transition zone, at depths of about 63-72 km. The calculated melt distributions correspond to a mantle potential temperature of ∼1257°C, equivalent to a real temperature of 1290°C at 65 km beneath the Pannonian Basin. The composition, modal mineralogy, and clinopyroxene geochemistry of some of the entrained mantle nodules closely resemble the basalt source, though the latter equilibrated at greater depths. The gravity anomalies and topography of the Basin reveal no large-scale features that can account for the post-extensional volcanism. Instead, the lithospheric thickness and geotherm show that melting occurs because the base of the lithosphere, at ∼50-km depth, is close to or at the solidus temperature over a large part of the Basin. Hence, only a small amount of upwelling is required to produce minor volumes (up to a few cubic kilometers) of melt. We conclude that the Pannonian volcanism originates from upwelling in the asthenosphere just below thinned lithosphere, which is likely to be driven by thermal buoyancy. Plain Language Summary On Earth's continents, there are surprising instances of basaltic volcanism that are not related to plate stretching or hotspots. To understand just such activity in the Carpathian-Pannonian region, in eastern central Europe, during the last 12 million years, we studied the chemical composition of the erupted lavas. Using a computer code that takes as input the concentrations of elements in basaltic rocks, we calculated the fraction of melt and the depth at which it formed within Earth's mantle. We find that the mantle has undergone less than 1% melting in the garnet-spinel transition zone-a region at about 63-to 72-km depth where these minerals both occur. Using a model of mantle melting, we find that the temperature of the mantle at 65 km below the Pannonian Basin is about 1290°C. The plate's thickness and the temperature variations with depth tell us that the magma source region is at a temperature close to that at which melting begins (the solidus). This means that if mantle material is moved upwards just slightly, it will produce small volumes of melt that can rise to the surface. The most likely cause of such upward movement is convection in the mantle below the rigid plate.

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“…Ez az "Adriai-tüske" óramutatóval ellentétes irányú forgása következtében jön létre, amelynek során a Pannon-medence alatti kőzetlemezek az Adriai-tüske és az igen vastag Európai platform közötti "harapófogóba" kerülnek, és bennük folyamatosan feszültség halmozódik fel, ami alkalmanként földrengések formájában szabadul fel. Egy legújabb nagytektonikai elképzelés szerint a földköpeny képlékeny része (asztenoszféra) is az ÉK-DNy-i összenyomódás irányára merőleges szövetet vesz fel (5. ábra) (Kovács et al, 2020 préselődhettek a felszínre. A hazai rengések egy részét magyarázhatja, hogy az "Adriai-tüske" és az Európai platform közötti összenyomódás a kőzetlemezekben nem homogén módon történik, hanem az É-ÉNy-D-DK-i Komárom-Dunaújváros-vonal néhány 10 km-es körzetében összpontosulnak.…”

Section: Magyarország Szeizmicitása éS Lemeztektonikai Kapcsolataiunclassified

Így figyeljük hazánk földjének minden rezdülését. A Csillagászati és Földtudományi Kutatóközpont Geodéziai és Geofizikai Intézet Kövesligethy Radó Szeizmológiai Obszervatórium fejlődése és küldetése 2013-tól napjainkig

Süle¹,

Bondár²,

Czanik³

et al. 2020

Ma.Tud.

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In 2012, the seismological observatory of the CSFK Geodetic and Geophysical Institute adopted the name of Radó Kövesligethy. Since then, its seismological network has undergone significant developments. In 2019, the number of stations increased to 41, and such dense seismological network has not yet covered the area of Hungary. The basic goal of the network is to monitor the seismicity of Hungary and to provide data necessary for seismological and geological research. Structural research aimed at examining the lithosphere of the region is carried out within the framework of several significant domestic and international projects. The introduction of infrasound research, which is a new discipline not only in Hungary but also worldwide, is strongly associated with the seismological research. In this article, we present the most important steps in the very recent development of the observatory, as well as the characteristics of its seismological network and the related activities. This study also includes a plate tectonic outlook on the seismicity of Hungary and the effect of the COVID19 pandemic on seismic noise.

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The role of water and compression in the genesis of alkaline basalts: Inferences from the Carpathian-Pannonian region

Cited by 17 publications

References 127 publications

Plume‐Induced Sinking of Intracontinental Lithospheric Mantle: An Overlooked Mechanism of Subduction Initiation?

Plume‐Induced Sinking of Intracontinental Lithospheric Mantle: An Overlooked Mechanism of Subduction Initiation?

Estimates of the Temperature and Melting Conditions of the Carpathian‐Pannonian Upper Mantle From Volcanism and Seismology

Így figyeljük hazánk földjének minden rezdülését. A Csillagászati és Földtudományi Kutatóközpont Geodéziai és Geofizikai Intézet Kövesligethy Radó Szeizmológiai Obszervatórium fejlődése és küldetése 2013-tól napjainkig

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