The role of water and vegetation in the distribution of solar energy and local climate: a review

Huryna, Hanna; Pokorný, Jan

doi:10.1007/s12224-016-9261-0

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…This confirms the changes in the climatic conditions of the region due to climate change [27]. The increase in ET 0 associated with the rise in temperature also leads to an increase in ET a , especially in landscape elements with sufficient water availability (water bodies, wetlands), and thus, leads to changes in the landscape water balance [28,29].…”

Section: Long-term Climatic Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 67%

The Water Balance of Wet Grassland Sites with Shallow Water Table Conditions in the North-Eastern German Lowlands in Extreme Dry and Wet Years

Dietrich

Behrendt

Wegehenkel

2021

Water

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In recent years, Germany has experienced an increasing number of extreme wet and dry years. In the North German lowlands, wet grassland sites with shallow water table conditions are widespread landscape elements. They are characterized by a special water and nutrient balance that reacts very sensitively to changes in the hydrological system. Studies on evapotranspiration (ETa) and the development of groundwater levels were carried out at two typical wet grassland sites with shallow water table conditions. A weighable groundwater lysimeter system in the Spreewald wetland (SPW) and an eddy covariance station in Havelländisches Luch (HL) were used to measure ETa. The results show that even these shallow water table sites cannot sufficiently meet the vegetation’s water demands in extreme dry conditions. The groundwater levels drop to values deeper than 1 m below the surface. As a result, water supply to the vegetation is temporarily limited. The mean crop coefficients (Kc) of these wet grassland sites reach values of 1.1 in the vegetation period with a sufficient water supply, but drop to around 0.8 in dry years when the water supply is limited. Areas with small catchment areas, such as HL, are more seriously affected by the dry meteorological conditions than areas with sufficient inflows from larger catchment areas, such as SPW.

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Section: Long-term Climatic Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 67%

The Water Balance of Wet Grassland Sites with Shallow Water Table Conditions in the North-Eastern German Lowlands in Extreme Dry and Wet Years

Dietrich

Behrendt

Wegehenkel

2021

Water

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“…In most cases, the available time for aerial imaging is significantly limited by cumulus clouds forming in the morning and at noon. These are mainly the months when the vegetation cover reaches the maximum growth and the water cycle is effectively closed [97][98][99][100][101]. The formation of cumulus clouds largely forced the dates and times of imaging chosen in the present study in the area of interest.…”

Section: Data and Their Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Infiltration Features and Hydraulic Properties of Soils Based on Crop Water Stress Derived from Remotely Sensed Data

et al. 2021

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Knowledge of the spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties is important for many reasons, e.g., for soil erosion protection, or the assessment of surface and subsurface runoff. Nowadays, precision agriculture is gaining importance for which knowledge of soil hydraulic properties is essential, especially when it comes to the optimization of nitrogen fertilization. The present work aimed to exploit the ability of vegetation cover to identify the spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties through the expression of water stress. The assessment of the spatial distribution of saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and field water capacity (FWC) was based on a combination of ground-based measurements and thermal and hyperspectral airborne imaging data. The crop water stress index (CWSI) was used as an indicator of crop water stress to assess the hydraulic properties of the soil. Supplementary vegetation indices were used. The support vector regression (SVR) method was used to estimate soil hydraulic properties from aerial data. Data analysis showed that the approach estimated Ks with good results (R2 = 0.77) for stands with developed crop water stress. The regression coefficient values for estimation of FWC for topsoil (0–0.3 m) ranged from R2 = 0.38 to R2 = 0.99. The differences within the study sites of the FWC estimations were higher for the subsoil layer (0.3–0.6 m). R2 values ranged from 0.12 to 0.99. Several factors affect the quality of the soil hydraulic features estimation, such as crop water stress development, condition of the crops, period and time of imaging, etc. The above approach is useful for practical applications for its relative simplicity, especially in precision agriculture.

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“…Indeed, compared to green leaves, the wood is metabolically inactive [25,26]. However, it performs most important structural functions including the regulation of the temperature regime within the canopy and distribution of soil moisture in soil [27,28]. High forest canopy is essential for the functioning of the biotic pump of atmospheric moisture that regulates the water cycle over forest-covered continents [29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Life's Universal Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key ecological parameters of immotile versus locomotive life Фундаментальные экологические параметры неподвижной и передвигающейся жизни

Gorshkov¹,

Makarieva²

2019

Preprint

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Principles of stable ecosystem organization are considered together with the role of abundant space, matter and energy in its maintenance. Life features the dichotomy of immotile (sessile, sedentary) organisms like plants, fungi, bacteria, on the one hand, versus organisms capable of active locomotion (animals) on the other. The immotile life can form a continuous live cover on the Earth's surface. Since all available space is occupied, the immotile life does not experience an affluence of matter, energy and space itself. It turns out that this lack of abundance permits organization, on the basis of immotile organisms, of a stable ecosystem with a steady biomass. This live biomass comprises time-invariable genetic information about how to keep the environment in a stable state by controlling the degree of openness of nutrient cycles. Crucially, depending on their body size, energy and matter consumption by large animals exceed the area-specific fluxes of net primary production and its consumption in the immotile ecosystem by up to three orders of magnitude. The implication is that the herbivorous animals can meet their energy demands if and only if they move and destroy the live biomass of the immotile ecosystem. In consequence, if the immotile heterotrophs are replaced by locomotive heterotrophs, the ecosystem biomass experiences huge fluctuations and the ecosystem loses its capacity to maintain its favorable environment. From available theoretical and empirical evidence we conclude that life's organization remains stable if the share of consumption by large animals is strictly limited, not exceeding about one per cent of ecosystem net primary production.2

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The role of water and vegetation in the distribution of solar energy and local climate: a review

Cited by 27 publications

References 148 publications

The Water Balance of Wet Grassland Sites with Shallow Water Table Conditions in the North-Eastern German Lowlands in Extreme Dry and Wet Years

The Water Balance of Wet Grassland Sites with Shallow Water Table Conditions in the North-Eastern German Lowlands in Extreme Dry and Wet Years

Identification of Infiltration Features and Hydraulic Properties of Soils Based on Crop Water Stress Derived from Remotely Sensed Data

Key ecological parameters of immotile versus locomotive life Фундаментальные экологические параметры неподвижной и передвигающейся жизни

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