The Role of Vitamin D in Reducing the Risk of Metabolic Disturbances That Cause Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Among the most common problems facing public health today is a lack of vitamin D, which plays a role in the physiological processes of chronic illness conditions. Vitamin D deficiency in metabolic disorders has primary effects on osteoporosis, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vitamin D acts as a “co-hormone” in the various tissues of the body, and it has been found that vitamin D receptors (VDR) are present on all cell types, suggesting that vitamin D has a wide range of effects on most cells. Recently, there has been a surge in interest in assessing its roles. Vitamin D insufficiency increases the risk of diabetes because it lowers insulin sensitivity, and also raises the risk of obesity and CVD because of its effect on the body’s lipid profile, particularly in terms of the prevalence of dangerously high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Furthermore, vitamin D insufficiency is often related to CVD and connected risk factors, highlighting the need to know vitamin D’s functions in relation to metabolic syndrome and related processes. Through looking at previous studies, this paper explains why vitamin D is important, how deficiency is related to risk factors for metabolic syndrome through different mechanisms, and how deficiency affects CVD.

The Functional States of the Participants of a Marine Arctic Expedition with Different Levels of Vitamin D in Blood

“…These factors include metabolic syndrome. A number of authors describe various mechanisms and effects of vitamin D deficiency on the development of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome [ 61 , 62 , 63 ].…”

Thyroid and Heart: A Fatal Pathophysiological Attraction in a Controversial Clinical Liaison

“…An exciting development in this field is instead the issue regarding the role of vitamin D and the possibility to use 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) administration to modulate cardioprotection, also through effects linked to TH modulation. Vitamin D has a number of beneficial effects on cardiometabolic disease (e.g., through modulation of endothelial and smooth muscle cell activity, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, nitric oxide, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response) [59,60]. Moreover, the administration of vitamin D3 in diabetic rats increases deiodinase (DIO) 2 expression and, consequently, leads to an increase in fT3 and a decrease in fT4 levels [61].…”

The influence of calcitriol on indicators of apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in the myocardium of rats under conditions of modulation of the hydrogen sulfide / cystathionine-gamma-lyase system

“…За сучасними уявленнями, вітамін D відіграє важливу роль в контролі функціонального та метаболічного стану серцево-судинної системи, включно з регуляцією артеріального тиску, ендотеліальною функцією, процесами ремоделювання та гіпертрофії міокарда [2,8]. Через рецептори вітаміну D (VDR) регулюється експресія численних генів, які контролюють синтез прозапальних та протизапальних цитокінів, факторів транскрипіції, антиоксидантних протеїнів, регуляторів циркадних ритмів, ростових факторів тощо [2].…”