The role of Vitamin D in malaria

“…is decreased. 35 Urashima et al showed that 1200 IU vitamin D supplementation daily decreases seasonal influenza A in school age children. 36 Thornton et al measured 25(OH)D 3 concentration in 475 randomly selected school age children (mean age, 8.9 years), and followed them during an academic year for diarrhea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a relationship between low vitamin D and rotaviral diarrhea?

Bucak

Öztürk

Almış

et al. 2016

Pediatrics International

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“…Active Vitamin D exerts an antibacterial and antiviral action mediated by defensins and cathelicidin. An antiparasitic action through the production of lactoferrin, cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide, reactive oxygen species and the phospholipids biosynthesis inhibition has been documented in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii [55, 56, 57, 58]. Besides, 1,25(OH)2D influences the defence against pathogens by modulating T-helper lymphocytes subsets balance.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D in malaria: more hypotheses than clues

Bivona

Agnello

Sasso

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone regulating calcium and phosphate metabolism, immune response and brain development. Low blood 25(OH)D levels have been reported in patients affected by infectious diseases caused by parasites, including malaria. Despite the high effectiveness of antimalarials, malaria is burdened with high morbidity and mortality, and the search for additional therapies is rapidly growing. Furthermore, available preventive measures have proved to be barely effective so far. Finding new prevention and therapy tools is a matter of urgency. Studies on animal models and humans have hypothesized some mechanisms by which the hormone can influence malaria pathogenesis, and the role of Vitamin D supplementation in preventing and treating this disease has been suggested. Few studies on the association between Vitamin D and malaria are available and disagreeing results have been reported. Studies in humans reporting an association between low 25(OH)D circulating levels and Malaria have a small sample size and observational study-set. Randomized controlled trials are needed in order to understand if Vitamin D administration might play a role in preventing and treating malaria.

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“…A study on the health status of children in low- and middle-income countries reported that 73.1% of underprivileged children were 25(OH)D-deficient (Manaseki-Holland 2008). A high occurrence of vitamin D deficiency in infants and children has also been reported in many other countries, including industrialized ones (Prentice 2008) such as the USA (Mansbach 2009), the UK (Lawson 1999), Greece (Nicolaidou 2006), Finland Lehtonen-Veromaa 1999), Canada (Ward 2007), and New Zealand (Grant 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age

Yakoob

Salam

Khan

et al. 2016

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background Vitamin D is a micronutrient important for bone growth and immune function. Deficiency can lead to rickets and has been linked to various infections, including respiratory infections. The evidence on the effects of supplementation on infections in children has not been assessed systematically. Objectives To evaluate the role of vitamin D supplementation in preventing pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), diarrhoea, and malaria in children under five years of age. This includes high‐, middle‐, and low‐income countries. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP; ) , ClinicalTrials.gov and the ISRCTN registry (http://www.isrctn.com/) up to 16 June 2016. Selection criteria We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated preventive supplementation of vitamin D (versus placebo or no intervention) in children under five years of age. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently screened the titles and abstracts, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias of included trials. Main results Four trials met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 3198 children under five years of age, and were conducted in Afghanistan, Spain, and the USA. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency varied widely in these populations (range: 73.1% in Afghanistan, 10 to 12% in USA, and 6.2% in Spain). The included trials evaluated mortality (two trials), pneumonia incidence (two trials), diarrhoea incidence (two trials), hospitalization (two trials), and mean serum vitamin D concentrations (four trials). We do not know whether vitamin D supplementation impacts on all‐cause mortality because this outcome was underpowered due to few events (risk ratio (RR) 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54 to 3.74; one trial, 3046 participants, low quality evidence ). For pneumonia, episodes of 'radiologically confirmed' first or only episode of pneumonia were little different in the supplemented and unsupplemented group (Rate Ratio: 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89 to 1.26; two trials, 3134 participants, moderate quality evidence ), and similarly for children with confirmed or unconfirmed pneumonia (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.04; one trial, 3046 participants). In these two trials there were no obvious differences between supplemented and unsupplemented children regarding episodes of diarrhoea. In the single large trial from Afghanistan, the trial authors reported that vitamin D supplementation was associated with an increase in repeat episodes of pneumonia confirmed by chest radiograph (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.21; one t...

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The role of Vitamin D in malaria

Cited by 15 publications

References 145 publications

Is there a relationship between low vitamin D and rotaviral diarrhea?

Is there a relationship between low vitamin D and rotaviral diarrhea?

Vitamin D in malaria: more hypotheses than clues

Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age

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