The role of visfatin on the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis in the spleen of LPS-treated rats

Abstract

The purpose of the present study is to determine if visfatin is involved in inflammation or apoptosis induced by LPS in rat. Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: saline group, LPS group, visfatin group and Visfatin + LPS co-stimulated group. Spleen samples from each group of rats were collected for study. The spleen structure was examined by histological imaging. Apoptosis was evaluated with TUNEL reaction. Caspase-3 was detected with immunohistochemistry and western blot. The apoptosis-related genes were detected by qPCR and inflammatory cytokines were tested by ELISA. Our main findings were as follows. (1) Macrophages were markedly increased in the visfatin group compared with the saline group. This finding was confirmed when spleen samples were examined with western blot using CD68 antibody. (2) Visfatin promoted the expression of CD68 and caspase-3 in rat spleen, whereas visfatin could inhibit the expression of CD68 and activated caspase-3 in spleen of LPS-induced acute inflammation. (3) Visfatin had a pro-apoptotic effect on normal rat spleen, whereas it exerted an anti-apoptotic effect during LPS-induced lymphocytes apoptosis in rat spleen. Moreover, the effect of visfatin on cell apoptosis was mediated by the mitochondrial pathway. (4) Visfatin could modulate both the anti-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines in rat spleen, such as IL-10, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β. Taken together, we demonstrate that visfatin could participate in the inflammatory process in rat spleen by modulating the macrophages and inflammatory cytokines. Also, visfatin plays a dual role in the apoptosis in rat spleen, which is mediated by the mitochondrial pathway.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of intranasal instillation of Escherichia coli on apoptosis of spleen cells in diet-induced-obese mice

“…Yamano et al 19 noted an increased percentage of splenic red pulp and macrophages in mice fed a HFD, and elemental iron was deposited mainly in red pulp. During splenomegaly, many immune cells are released to participate in immune defense when the host is infected 11,20 . In the present study, the spleen structures showed differences among different treatment groups.…”

“…Infection with intracellular pathogens also induces the apoptosis of host cells by regulation of Bcl-2 and Bax 39 . Xiao et al 11 found that increased SC apoptosis in LPS-treated rats could be promoted by down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of Bax expression. Interestingly, in the present study, expressions of gene and protein of the Bcl-2 and Bcl-2: Bax ratios in SCs in DIO-group mice increased, whereas expressions of the Bax gene and protein decreased, after E. coli infection.…”

The sensitivity of adipose tissue visfatin mRNA expression to lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia is increased by ovariectomy in female rats

“…Visfatin stimulates TNF, IL-6, and IL-1β secretion in monocytes and is also involved in macrophage differentiation and the release of cytokines in a c-Jun N-terminal kinase-and nuclear factor κB-dependent manner [18,19]. In addition, in rats visfatin participates in inflammatory processes in the spleen by modulating both anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-6, TNF, and IL-10, and contributes to apoptosis in the spleen via the mitochondrial pathway [16]. In a study involving rats, the myocardial expression of visfatin increased after the injection of LPS, and the co-administration of a visfatin inhibitor reduced myocardial inflammation and damage and improved cardiac function [14].…”

“…It has been reported that visfatin promotes lung damage and myocardial impairment under acute inflammatory conditions and that the inhibition of visfatin attenuates these disorders [14,15]. In addition, it has been shown that visfatin participates in inflammatory responses in the spleen [16]. However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the in vivo response of visfatin to septic stress.…”

Gelişme Dönemindeki Fare Testislerinde Sertoli Hücreleri ve Spermatogonial Hücrelerde Sox5 ve Sox6 Ekspresyonu

“…The regional localization of sox5 and Sox6 was examined by IHC method with little modification [30] . The expression of Sox5 and Sox6 were checked in the testes of two-week-old and adult (42 days) male mouse and three mice were used in each age group.…”