The role of viruses in human diabetes

Hyöty, Heikki; Kw, Taylor

doi:10.1007/s00125-002-0852-3

Cited by 219 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…The link between CVB infections and T1D is supported by case reports, epidemiological data and by observations indicating that enteroviruses are present in the remaining beta cells of individuals with T1D diabetes1819202122232425. We have shown that human pancreatic islets express MDA526, and together with others demonstrated that MDA5 is important in the host immune response to CVBs2728.…”

supporting

confidence: 62%

An IFIH1 gene polymorphism associated with risk for autoimmunity regulates canonical antiviral defence pathways in Coxsackievirus infected human pancreatic islets

Domsgen

Lind

Kong

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The IFIH1 gene encodes the pattern recognition receptor MDA5. A common polymorphism in IFIH1 (rs1990760, A946T) confers increased risk for autoimmune disease, including type 1-diabetes (T1D). Coxsackievirus infections are linked to T1D and cause beta-cell damage in vitro. Here we demonstrate that the rs1990760 polymorphism regulates the interferon (IFN) signature expressed by human pancreatic islets following Coxsackievirus infection. A strong IFN signature was associated with high expression of IFNλ1 and IFNλ2, linking rs1990760 to the expression of type III IFNs. In the high-responding genotype, IRF-1 expression correlated with that of type III IFN, suggesting a positive-feedback on type III IFN transcription. In summary, our study uncovers an influence of rs1990760 on the canonical effector function of MDA5 in response to an acute infection of primary human parenchymal cells with a clinically relevant virus linked to human T1D. It also highlights a previously unrecognized connection between the rs1990760 polymorphism and the expression level of type III IFNs.

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supporting

confidence: 62%

An IFIH1 gene polymorphism associated with risk for autoimmunity regulates canonical antiviral defence pathways in Coxsackievirus infected human pancreatic islets

Domsgen

Lind

Kong

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Viral infections, in particular enterovirus infections, are thought to have a role in the etiology of type 1 diabetes (12,13). One early study linked the cyclical pattern in incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes with the cyclical variation in the number of reported mumps virus infections (14), but these findings have not been replicated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclical Variation in the Incidence of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in Western Australia (1985-2010)

Haynes¹,

Bulsara²,

Bower³

et al. 2012

Diabetes Care

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OBJECTIVETo examine the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in Western Australia from 1985–2010.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIncidence rates were calculated for children aged 0–14 years and were analyzed by calendar year, sex, and age at diagnosis.RESULTSThere were 1,873 cases, and the mean incidence was 18.1/100,000 person-years (95% CI: 17.5–19.2). The incidence increased by 2.3% a year (1.6–2.9%) with a sinusoidal 5-year cyclical variation of 14% (7–22%). The lowest rate of increase in incidence was observed in 0–4-year-olds.CONCLUSIONSThe cyclical pattern in incidence observed supports the role of environmental factors in childhood type 1 diabetes.

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“…Several studies now indicate infection with enteroviruses seem to be linked to the induction of islet cell destruction and development of autoantibodies [45, 46]. Stress in the mother during pregnancy has been associated with elevated islet autoantibodies in cord blood [47].…”

Section: Type 1 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Radiation and Vitamin D: Mitigating Environmental Factors in Autoimmune Disease

Schwalfenberg

2012

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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This paper looks at the environmental role of vitamin D and solar radiation as risk reduction factors in autoimmune disease. Five diseases are considered: multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune disease of the thyroid, and inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical relevant studies and factors that may indicate evidence that autoimmune disease is a vitamin D-sensitive disease are presented. Studies that have resulted in prevention or amelioration of some autoimmune disease are discussed. An example of the utility of supplementing vitamin D in an unusual autoimmune disease, idiopathic thrombocytic purpura, is presented.

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The role of viruses in human diabetes

Cited by 219 publications

References 62 publications

An IFIH1 gene polymorphism associated with risk for autoimmunity regulates canonical antiviral defence pathways in Coxsackievirus infected human pancreatic islets

An IFIH1 gene polymorphism associated with risk for autoimmunity regulates canonical antiviral defence pathways in Coxsackievirus infected human pancreatic islets

Cyclical Variation in the Incidence of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in Western Australia (1985-2010)

Solar Radiation and Vitamin D: Mitigating Environmental Factors in Autoimmune Disease

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