The role of violence in planetary health

Correa-Salazar, Catalina; Marín-Carvajal, Isabela; García, María Alejandra

doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00006-1

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…(i) the Notebook of Conflicts in the Brazilian Countryside 3 (2014 to 2020) (CPT, 2015;2016;2017a;2020a;2021a) It should be noted that the time frame is constrained by available and accurate data on leaders threatened with death and "under protection", between 2014death and "under protection", between and 2020death and "under protection", between (CPT, 2021a.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Amazon, 955 leaders were threatened during the same period. Therefore, almost 73% of all threats to these leaders in Brazil are located in the Legal Amazon, an important point to note and a sad reality (CPT, 2015;2016;2017a;2017b2020a, 2020b2021a).…”

Section: Defenders Threatened With Death In Brazil the Legal Amazon A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2: Percentage of leaders under threat of death in the Legal Amazon between 2014 and 2020. Source: compiled from CPT (2015;2016;2017a;2020a;2021a) Over the same period (2014 to 2020), the state of Pará reported 261 leaders under threat of death. This represents, respectively, 27.32% and 20.43% of the cases in the legal Amazon and across Brazil.…”

Section: Defenders Threatened With Death In Brazil the Legal Amazon A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are also major issues of negligence by the state regarding social protection and affirmation of rights (Rapozo, 2021;, 2022Villén-Pérez et al, 2022). CPT (2015;2016;2017a;2020a;2021a) When we add the effort of groups seeking access to property and permanence on the land (landless and settler groups, 40.61%) to the struggle of these defenders, the total constitutes 65% of defenders who are threatened with death Pará state, from 2014 to 2020. Violence against defenders is part of a long history of colonization, expropriation of local communities as well as the exploitation of environmental resources (Larsen et al, 2021).…”

Section: Defenders Threatened With Death In Brazil the Legal Amazon A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental defenders suffering death threats and "under protection" in the state of Pará, Eastern Amazonia, Brazil

Rodrigues

Campos

Santana

2022

Journal of Political Ecology

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Latin America has a long history of extractive and exploitative territorial activities, dating back to the colonial era. However, in the last decade there has been a steep increase in these activities, and in socio-environmental conflicts, in Latin America. There are indications of the links between the exploitation of natural resources and the violation of human rights, which materializes in the Amazon through the increase of expulsions and evictions of families, assassination attempts, murders, illegal imprisonments, intimidation, and threats. The main targets of these crimes are leaders who head the struggle to defend the rights of collectivities to land and territory, the environment, human rights and their multiple cultural and life expressions. The state of Pará (Eastern Amazonia) has appeared in the last decade as one of the states in Brazil with the highest incidence of cases of land conflicts, assassinations, aggression, defamation, and death threats directed against community leaders and environmental defenders. Thus, this article aims to quantify, characterize and reflect on the environmental defenders and community leaders suffering death threats and under legal protection in the state of Pará, Eastern Amazonia (between 2014 and 2020). It also seeks to identify the main activities and sectors that threaten these groups and the reasons behind the intensification of threats in recent years.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Defenders Threatened With Death In Brazil the Legal Amazon A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Defenders Threatened With Death In Brazil the Legal Amazon A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Defenders Threatened With Death In Brazil the Legal Amazon A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Environmental defenders suffering death threats and "under protection" in the state of Pará, Eastern Amazonia, Brazil

Rodrigues

Campos

Santana

2022

Journal of Political Ecology

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“…However, Indigenous land tenure rights are under continued threat from governments, multinational corporations, and other interests, with violence against Indigenous environmental activists being strongly related to economic activities with high environmental impacts. 47 Indigenous land tenure rights guarantees ownership or control of lands and resources, which ensures protection and conservation of the planet's ecosystems. It is integral that more awareness, amplification, and actioned support for Indigenous land tenure rights occurs to better ensure a healthy planet for all.…”

Section: Indigenous Peoples' Level Determinantsmentioning

confidence: 99%