The role of us signal value in contingency, drug conditioning, and learned helplessness

Goddard, Murray J.

doi:10.3758/bf03210829

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…It is challenging to come up with operationalizations of consciousness or awareness that researchers would agree upon (see, e.g., Lovibond & Shanks, , for a related discussion on contingency awareness). Another difficulty is the fluctuating boundaries of how interoceptive is defined, not to mention how to ensure that a CS is truly and exclusively interoceptive and matched to an exclusively exteroceptive CS on other dimensions known to affect conditionability, such as perceptual salience, similarity, or belongingness to the US (Goddard, ). Rather than trying to infer differences between interoceptive and exteroceptive learning, it is likely more fruitful and parsimonious to assume that both interoceptive and exteroceptive learning obey the same basic learning principles but are strongly modulated by pre‐existing relationships between the CS (whether interoceptive or exteroceptive) and the US as well as the response system under study.…”

Section: Human Interoceptive Fear Conditioning Studies With Panic‐relmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interoception, conditioning, and fear: The panic threesome

Diest

2019

Psychophysiology

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The present article aims to illustrate and review evidence on how associative learning involving interoceptive stimuli (interoceptive conditioning) can lead to changes in physiological, emotional, and perceptual outcomes. We first outline a functional perspective on Pavlovian conditioning and provide a general introduction and historical background on interoceptive conditioning as a special instance of Pavlovian conditioning. Next, biological and learning accounts of panic disorder are discussed, followed by an analysis of which stimuli and responses may be most promising to model learning that is relevant to panic disorder. Finally, studies on interoceptive fear conditioning with respiratory stimuli are reviewed and discussed, and future directions are outlined. K E Y W O R D Sanxiety, conditioning, interoception, psychopathology, respiration, startle blink BOX 1 Six propositions a 1. Unlike the continuum of exteroceptive stimulation, which is the body material of all our conscious experiences, the continuum of interoceptive stimulation leads largely to unconscious reactions. 2. Interoceptive conditioning, whether involving conditioned or unconditioned interoceptive stimuli, is readily obtainable and is by its very nature largely unconscious in character. 3. While interoceptive conditioning is by its nature more limited than is exteroceptive conditioning with respect to total kinds and variety of stimulations, the interoceptive kinds of stimulations are, on the other hand, by their very nature much more recurrent, periodic, and organism bound, making interoceptive conditioning an almost built-in function that is constantly generated and regenerated in the very process of living and acting. 4. Interoceptive conditioning is somewhat slower in formation than is exteroceptive, but, once conditioned, it is more fixed and irreversible (less readily extinguished). 5. When equal but opposing interoceptively produced and exteroceptively produced reactions are juxtaposed, the interoceptive reactions dominate the exteroceptive ones, with the final result that preceding exteroceptive stimuli become conditioned stimuli for succeeding interoceptive reactions, whereas preceding interoceptive reactions become strengthened by exteroceptive reactions succeeding them. 6. The juxtaposition of conditioned interoceptive and exteroceptive stimuli of the same conditioned reaction, unlike similar juxtapositions of exteroceptive stimuli of different modalities, produces a certain amount of conflict and decrementation of conditioning. a (Razran, 1961, p. 97)

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Section: Human Interoceptive Fear Conditioning Studies With Panic‐relmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interoception, conditioning, and fear: The panic threesome

Diest

2019

Psychophysiology

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“…Traditionally, such patterns of drug abuse have been attributed to drug actions on brain mechanisms of reward, whereby incentive properties of the drug positively reinforce continued and escalated use (Robinson & Berridge, 1993;Stewart, de Wit, & Eikelboom, 1984;Wise & Bozarth, 1987). This general reward-driven reinforcement explanation has been the guiding principle for many theories of drug abuse, the majority of which involve associative learning and motivational mechanisms, such as operant conditioning (Bickel & Kelly, 1988), CS-US conditioning (Bouton & Swartzentruber, 1991), US-US conditioning (Goddard, 1999), and incentive motivation (Stewart et al, 1984). Although there is little dispute that rewarding properties of drugs play an important role in their abuse potential (Koob & Le Moal, 1997;Robinson & Berridge, 1993), mechanisms of behavioral control have become another focus of research interest in recent years.…”

Section: The Concept Of Behavioral Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Abuse as a Problem of Impaired Control: Current Approaches and Findings

Fillmore

2003

Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews

270

277

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The author presents a selective and integrative overview of current research examining acute effects of abused drugs on aspects of behavioral control in humans. The review discusses the concept of behavioral control and reviews research models that examine inhibitory influences as a central mechanism of control. Evidence for drug-induced impairment of inhibitory mechanisms is reviewed from current neuroanatomical, neuropharmacological, and behavioral perspectives. Model-based laboratory assessments of behavioral control are described in terms of their application to behavioral pharmacology and evidence for alcohol and psychostimulant effects on basic inhibitory mechanisms is reviewed. Drug effects on inhibitory mechanisms are also discussed in terms of their relevance to higher-order cognitive and behavioral functions, and in relation to impulsive behaviors, such as drug abuse. The review concludes by identifying important drug-related phenomenon (e.g., drug tolerance, cue reactivity) that might also be studied in behavioral control frameworks in future research.

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“…for conditioning theory (Goddard, 1996(Goddard, , 1997(Goddard, , 1999a(Goddard, , 1999b(Goddard, , 2003Goddard & Holland, 1996, 1997Goddard & McDowell, 2001;Skinner, Goddard, & Holland, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%