The role of type-specific antibodies in colonization and infection by Helicobacter pylori

Akhiani, Ali A.

doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000168382.86024.14

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…8 The increased risk of stomach cancer suggests that local gastrointestinal effects associated with PID, such as the decreased production of gastric IgA and hydrochloric acid, may facilitate Helicobacter pylori colonization and gastric inflammation and promote carcinogenesis. Although there is mixed support for such a pathogenic mechanism, [32][33][34][35] and the role for cofactors such as alterations in the p53 gene are yet to be clarified, 36 these data support the regular use of diagnostic tests and treatment of H pylori infection in adults with PID, together with endoscopic follow-up of those with premalignant gastric lesions. 37 We observed a large excess risk for thymoma on the basis of 2 cases occurring in patients with CVID.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Are antibody deficiency disorders associated with a narrower range of cancers than other forms of immunodeficiency?

Vajdic

Mao

Leeuwen

et al. 2010

Blood

113

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Are antibody deficiency disorders associated with a narrower range of cancers than other forms of immunodeficiency?

Vajdic

Mao

Leeuwen

et al. 2010

Blood

113

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“…5 This is an observation that has been contested by Akhiani who suggested that antibodies are not only dispensable for protection, but they impair both the elimination of bacteria and the development of gastritis. 1 This effect appears to be IgA-dependent and is not a function of specific IgM or IgG antibodies. Therefore, the contention that IgA antibodies are irrelevant in the pathogenesis remains in doubt.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies—diagnostic and prognostic value in gastritis

Moorchung

Mendiratta

Dutta

2012

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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The morphological parameters against which the IgG and IgM anti-H. pylori levels were measured were the density of various inflammatory cells like neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The IgG and IgM antibody titres were also compared with the grade of atrophy, the presence or absence of intestinal metaplasia, and glandular shortening. Lastly and most importantly, the titres were also compared with the presence and density of H. pylori. RESULTSThirty patients were evaluated. The minimum IgG titre recorded was 0.111 and the maximum titre was 2.118 IU/L. The mean IgG titre was 0.846 IU/L and the median titre was 0.655 IU/L. The minimal IgM titre recorded was 0.424 IU/L and the maximum titre was 2.437 IU/L. The mean titre was 1.046 IU/L and the median titre was 0.837 IU/L.No correlation between the various inflammatory parameters and the IgG and IgM antibody titres and no correlation between the antibody titres and the presence and grade of atrophy, gland shortening, and intestinal metaplasia was observed. In conclusion, we noted that there was no correlation between the antibody titres and the presence and density of H. pylori in the antral biopsies. Table 1 shows the P value between the antibody titres and the various parameters. DISCUSSIONThis small pilot study did not find any correlation between the IgG and IgM titres and the severity of gastritis as assessed by histopathology. A few studies have found that there is a significant correlation between the severity of gastritis and the antibody titres. 3 Yamamoto et al found that serum anti-H. pylori IgG antibody titres were correlated significantly with the severity of inflammation in both the antrum and body. Significant associations were found between serum anti-H. pylori IgG and IgA antibody titres and the development of atrophic gastritis. They did not find a correlation with anti-H. pylori IgM titres. They concluded that their results suggest that measurement of serum anti-H. pylori antibody titres is

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“…After clearance, H. pylori reinfection can occur readily even in the face of a robust antibody response (1,26,31,41). It has been shown that vaccination through a mucosal route can provide long-term protection against other pathogens (19,23,27,33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Correlates of Long-Term Protection againstHelicobacter pylorifollowing Systemic or Combinations of Mucosal and Systemic Immunizations

et al. 2007

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The ability to induce long-term immunity to Helicobacter pylori is necessary for an effective vaccine. This study was designed to establish the most efficient route(s) (systemic, mucosal, or a combination) of immunization for induction of long-term immunity and to define correlates of protection. Mice were immunized orally alone (oral group), intramuscularly (i.m.) alone (i.m. group), orally followed by i.m. (oral/i.m. group), or i.m. followed by orally (i.m./oral group). Long-term protective immunity to oral H. pylori challenge was observed 3 months after immunization through the i.m. or oral/i.m. route. Protection correlated with an increase in H. pylori-specific interleukin-12 and both immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2a serum titers following challenge. Mice that were not protected (oral or i.m./oral) had increased levels of IgA in both sera and Peyer's patches. This study demonstrates the ability to induce long-term immunity against H. pylori, provides correlates of protection, and illustrates the crucial role of the immunization route(s).Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative spiral bacterium that colonizes the gastric epithelium in nearly 50% of the world's population. Infection is typically acquired early in childhood and continues throughout the life of the host, leading to chronic gastritis and in some cases peptic ulcer disease or gastric cancer (32, 37). In spite of the development of H. pylori-specific immune responses, the bacteria are rarely eliminated from the gastric epithelium (6). Treatment for H. pylori infection includes a combination of a proton pump inhibitor and two antibiotics. However, antibiotic resistance, high cost, and recurrence of infection make world-wide eradication through drug therapy problematic. While development of a vaccine is ideal, the challenge lies in inducing long-lasting immunity. Various routes of immunization have been used to demonstrate protection against H. pylori in mice: oral, intranasal, intrarectal, intradermal, and subcutaneous (11,13,15,20,24,34,35,43). Most H. pylori vaccine studies challenge animals 2 to 4 weeks after immunization, when the immune response is still in the acute effector phase (13, 15, 18, 20-22, 35, 36), and this does not test generation and maintenance of immunologic memory. Thus, results from previous studies cannot be used to predict long-term protection.Mucosal immunization is a route commonly used to induce mucosal immunity. While immunizing through a mucosal route seems optimal for eliciting mucosal immunity, no studies have reported its success in the generation of H. pylori immunologic memory. Unlike for Helicobacter felis, against which long-term protection can be achieved through immunization, a longterm-protection model for H. pylori has yet to be reported (27,33). Recent studies have demonstrated that immunization through a combination of mucosal and systemic routes may increase mucosal immunity (22,25,39,40).The mechanisms by which protection against H. pylori occurs are still unknown. In general, immune responses, such as l...

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The role of type-specific antibodies in colonization and infection by Helicobacter pylori

Cited by 17 publications

References 51 publications

Are antibody deficiency disorders associated with a narrower range of cancers than other forms of immunodeficiency?

Are antibody deficiency disorders associated with a narrower range of cancers than other forms of immunodeficiency?

Immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies—diagnostic and prognostic value in gastritis

Possible Correlates of Long-Term Protection againstHelicobacter pylorifollowing Systemic or Combinations of Mucosal and Systemic Immunizations

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