The role of tungsten oxide in Er3+-doped bismuth-germanate glasses for optical amplification in L-band

Abstract

A series of novel Er3+-doped bismuth-germanate glasses containing different tungsten concentrations with a molar composition of 97.5[(75 − x)GeO2–25Bi2O3–(x)WO3]–2Sb2O3–0.5Er2O3 (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mol%) were fabricated. Their thermal properties are measured by differential scanning calorimetry. A structural investigation by Raman spectroscopy suggested that changes occurred in the glass network by WO3 incorporation. By laser excitation at 980 nm, a strong emission from Er3+ ions at 1532 nm is observed, while the WO3 addition caused changes in the emission spectra. The emission cross-section spectra of Er3+ are calculated by both McCumber and Füchtbauer–Ladenburg theories and their comparison showed these theories yielded slightly different results, but in both cases, the calculations showed that a gain signal in L-band can be achieved when 30% of the Er3+ ions are at the excited state. This study proves that the Er3+-doped bismuth-germanate glasses are suitable for optical fiber amplifier applications operating at C- and L-band.

The effect of cobalt/copper ions on the structural, thermal, optical, and emission properties of erbium zinc lead borate glasses

“…5 b. The two bands at 452 and 522 nm arose due to the transition 4 I 11/2 4 F 5/2 and 4 I 15/2 2 H 11/2 in Er 3+ ions 59 , 60 . The located bands at 472 and 566 nm arose due to the transitions 4 T 1g (F) 2 T 2g (F) in the octahedral Co 2+ and spin-forbidden transitions 4 A 2g ( 4 F) 4 T 1g ( 4 P) in the tetrahedral Co 2+ , while that at 610 nm arose due to 5 T 2g 5 E g transition in the octahedral Co 3+ 32 , 62 – 65 .…”

“…The centered bands at 346, 384, 426, 522, 546, 650, 800, 980, and 1554 nm are attributed to the occurred transitions in Er 3+ ion between the ground state 4 I 15/2 and the excited states 2 K 15/2 , 4 G 11/2 , 4 F 3/2 , 2 H 11/2 , 4 S 3/2 , 4 F 9/2 , 4 I 9/2 , 4 I 11/2 , and 4 I 13/2 respectively 58 – 61 . The observed band at 1512 nm arose as a result of the split 4 I 13/2 level 59 , 60 . In Co doped glass ErCoCu2 as shown in Fig.…”

Thin films based on Er>sup<3+>/sup< doped germanate-tellurite nanoglasses for Plasmonics

“…Er 3+ -doped glasses are widely employed as gain media in optical communication systems due to their emission at 1540 nm, a critical wavelength in telecommunications. 3 However, the efficiency of Er 3+ emission is frequently hampered by the feeble lighthost material interaction. 4 Consequently, the integration of plasmonic nanostructures has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the light-matter interaction and increase the emission efficiency of diverse materials.…”