The role of transport accessibility within the spread of the Coronavirus pandemic in Italy

Cartenì, Armando; Francesco, Luigi Di; Martino, Maria De

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104999

Cited by 69 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“… Zhang et al (2020a) showed that infection cases in China were strongly associated with frequencies of flights and high-speed trains, while Zhang et al (2020b) revealed the imported case risk imposed by foreign countries on Chinese provinces and further confirmed the effectiveness of China's strict restriction on inbound flights after March 26 in dramatically reducing the imported case risk. From a different angle, Zhang et al (2020) and Cartenì et al ( 2021 ) observed a strong positive correlation between transport accessibility and the infection cases in Japan and Italy, respectively. Cartenì et al ( 2020 ) further clarified that mobility habits (measured by the number of people who made trips several days before) were also positively associated with the number of confirmed infection cases in Italy.…”

Section: Association Between Transport and The Spread Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and transport: Findings from a world-wide expert survey

2021

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Section: Association Between Transport and The Spread Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and transport: Findings from a world-wide expert survey

2021

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“…The same was found in Mexico, among men the risk of death was 31% higher at ≥2000 m versus that at <1500 m while no association was found among women or subjects 65 years of age and older. Specific to the Italian case study, several studies analyzed the effect due to the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., [ 13 , 15 , 16 , 37 , 38 ]), but the most of them did not analyze the effects that influenced the severity of symptoms considering the hospitalization. Starting from these considerations, the aim of this study is to evaluate if (and by how much) air quality (as exposure to fine particulate matter-PM 2.5 , to sea air masses and altitude) could influence the COVID-19 effects in terms of its hospitalization rate, given the diffusion of the virus (ratio of the positive test and the number of tests carried out).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Air Pollution, Sea Exposure and Altitude on COVID-19 Hospitalization Rates in Italy

Cascetta

Henke

Francesco

2021

IJERPH

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Early known cases of COVID-19 emerged in late 2019 in the city of Wuhan (China) and in a relatively short time, it has reached more than 200 countries up to July 2020. In Italy, from 21 February 2020, (first official Italian positive case of COVID-19) until 27 July 2020, 246,286 confirmed cases were observed of which over 68,150 (28%) needed hospitalization and 35,112 died. In recent scientific research, it has been shown that the severity of symptoms and mortality rates were different not only among the various countries of the world but also in different regions of the same country. This research investigates whether and by how much air environmental conditions (such as exposure to fine particulate matter-PM2.5, sea air masses and altitude) influences the risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 in Italy, once the spreading of the virus and the percentage of the elderly in the population have been accounted for. A log-linear multiple regression model was estimated where the log of the ratio of hospitalized patients per inhabitant, since the beginning of the epidemic up to July 27, has been considered as a dependent variable. Among the independent variables, the ones that have been taken into account are the spreading of the virus, the rate of people over 50 years of age, the concentration of PM2.5, the rate of population living by the sea, the rate of green public space for each resident and the ratio of population living at a high altitude. The results showed an increase in the hospitalization rate in terms of the percentage of people over 50 and the average concentration of PM2.5. If average limits of PM2.5 concentration allowed by the current European regulations (25 µg/m3) were respected in all Italian provinces, that would have led to 7339 less hospitalizations for COVID-19 (−11%). On the contrary, near the coast there were lower hospitalized cases in the referred period. In the hypothetical case that no Italians lived near the sea, about 1363 (+2%) more hospitalizations would have been recorded in the analysis period in addition to the effect of a lower PM concentration. This paper wanted to investigate which are the areas with a higher risk of hospitalization in Italy, so as to help the Italian Government to strengthen Health System measures, predicting the most suffering areas and health care systems. According to the results, this is directly related to the severity of symptoms which decreased with the long-time exposure to the sea.

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“…The results showed that population and income were the key factors affecting the casualties from COVID-19 in European countries [ 21 ]. Oztig and Cartenì analyzed the correlation between human mobility and the spread of the epidemic through Negative Binomial Regression and Multiple Linear Regression [ 22 , 23 ]. There are also a small number of scholars who have been committed to establishing a spread model for the epidemic, such as time series models with mixed and normal distributions and a susceptible exposed infected removed (SEIR) spread model suitable for heterogeneous populations to predict the trends of the spread of the epidemic [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Policies Based on the Multi-Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity, in Terms of the Number of Deaths in the Coronavirus Epidemic

Wang

Chen

et al. 2021

Healthcare

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It has been a year since the outbreak of the coronavirus epidemic 2019 (COVID-19). In the face of the global epidemic, governments in all countries have taken different prevention measures, such as social isolation, mandatory health protection, and the closure of schools and workplaces. The situation of the epidemic has clearly varied from country to country. In this context, research on the impact of policies for the control of the spread of the global epidemic is of great significance. In this paper, we examined data from a sample of 212 countries between 31 December 2019, and 21 May 2020, using multi-fuzzy regression discontinuity. We found that developed countries had relatively low sensitivity to the policy stringency index; however, policy control measures had a significant effect on epidemic control. In addition, the trend analysis showed that the corresponding management and control came into play only after the policy stringency index reached 50 or the policy management reached level II, and the robustness was optimal at this time. Therefore, the governments in all countries should realize that epidemic prevention and control are of great importance. They can strengthen policy stringency to control the spread of the epidemic, considering their national conditions in terms of the economy and health system.

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The role of transport accessibility within the spread of the Coronavirus pandemic in Italy

Cited by 69 publications

References 33 publications

COVID-19 and transport: Findings from a world-wide expert survey

COVID-19 and transport: Findings from a world-wide expert survey

The Effects of Air Pollution, Sea Exposure and Altitude on COVID-19 Hospitalization Rates in Italy

Analysis of Policies Based on the Multi-Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity, in Terms of the Number of Deaths in the Coronavirus Epidemic

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