The role of transforming growth factor beta 1 in communicating and non-communicating hydrocele

Mousavi, Seyed Abdollah; Larijani, Laleh Vahedi; Mousavi, Seyed Jaber; Kenari, Saeed Abedian; Darvish, Amir

doi:10.1007/s10029-016-1492-8

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This theory has been tested on hernia sacs, but the peptide only increased the level of the growth factor in some samples ( 32 ). It is still unclear if deficient endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide disrupts obliteration of processus vaginalis ( 32 ) or if obliteration is regulated through other mechanisms such as transforming growth factor β-1, which stimulates fibrosis ( 48 ). Detailed investigations in humans have been hindered due to issues with finding proper animal models with patent processus vaginalis ( 49 ).…”

Section: Processus Vaginalismentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of Inguinal Hernias: A Comprehensive Review

2017

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BackgroundThe etiology of inguinal hernias remains uncertain even though the lifetime risk of developing an inguinal hernia is 27% for men and 3% for women. The aim was to summarize the evidence on hernia etiology, with focus on differences between lateral and medial hernias.ResultsLateral and medial hernias seem to have common as well as different etiologies. A patent processus vaginalis and increased cumulative mechanical exposure are risk factors for lateral hernias. Patients with medial hernias seem to have a more profoundly altered connective tissue architecture and homeostasis compared with patients with lateral hernias. However, connective tissue alteration may play a role in development of both subtypes. Inguinal hernias have a hereditary component with a complex inheritance pattern, and inguinal hernia susceptible genes have been identified that also are involved in connective tissue homeostasis.ConclusionThe etiology of lateral and medial hernias are at least partly different, but the final explanations are still lacking on certain areas. Further investigations of inguinal hernia genes may explain the altered connective tissue observed in patients with inguinal hernias. The precise mechanisms why processus vaginalis fails to obliterate in certain patients should also be clarified. Not all patients with a patent processus vaginalis develop a lateral hernia, but increased intraabdominal pressure appears to be a contributing factor.

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Section: Processus Vaginalismentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of Inguinal Hernias: A Comprehensive Review

2017

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“…TGF-b1 is a potent fibrogenic agent and stimulates fibrosis of processus vaginalis. Mosavi, et al have observed that the amount of TGF-b1 was higher in communicating hydrocele fluid than in non-communicating hydrocele [ 15 ]. Further studies on the role of cytokines may provide insight into the exact mechanism of obliteration of processus vaginalis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of smooth muscle cell characteristics and myofibroblasts in processus vaginalis of pediatric inguinal hernia, hydrocele and undescended testis

Krishnan,

Kakkar,

Nag

et al. 2024

BMC Urol

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Background Congenital inguinal hernia, hydrocele and undescended testis (UDT) are associated with patent processus vaginalis. The smooth muscles present in the processus vaginalis aid in the descent of the testis and undergo programmed cell death after testicular descent leading to obliteration. The persisting amount of smooth muscle in the processus vaginalis influences the clinical outcome as inguinal hernia, hydrocele or UDT. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the processus vaginalis in these three conditions to observe the presence and phenotype of smooth muscle cells and the presence of myofibroblasts. Materials and methods The processus vaginalis sacs in patients with inguinal hernia, hydrocele and UDT were examined using light microscopy for the presence and distribution of smooth muscle cells and immunohistochemical staining for vimentin, desmin, and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) to identify the smooth muscle phenotype. Transmission electron microscopy was also performed in all the sacs to observe the presence of myofibroblasts. Results Seventy-eight specimens of processus vaginalis (from seventy-four patients), distributed as 47%, 27%, and 26% as inguinal hernia, hydrocele and UDT respectively, were included in the study. The sacs from inguinal hernia and hydrocele had significantly more presence of smooth muscles distributed as multiple smooth muscle bundles (p < 0.001). Desmin and SMA staining of smooth muscle cells was observed in significantly more sacs from hydrocele, followed by inguinal hernia and UDT (p < 0.001). The sacs from UDT had a significant presence of striated muscles (p = 0.028). The sacs from inguinal hernia had a significant presence of myofibroblasts, followed by hydrocele and UDT (p < 0.001) and this significantly correlated with the light microscopy and immunohistochemical features. The processus vaginalis sacs from four female patients did not differ statistically from the male inguinal hernia sacs in any of the above parameters. Conclusion The processus vaginalis sacs in pediatric inguinal hernia, hydrocele and undescended testis differ in the presence, distribution and phenotype of smooth muscles and the presence of myofibroblasts. The clinical presentations in these entities reflect these differences.

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The role of transforming growth factor beta 1 in communicating and non-communicating hydrocele

Abstract: The amount of TGF-β1 was higher in HC fluid than in non-communicating. To investigate the role of cytokine in the closure of PV, further studies will be required.

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Etiology of Inguinal Hernias: A Comprehensive Review

Etiology of Inguinal Hernias: A Comprehensive Review

A comparative study of smooth muscle cell characteristics and myofibroblasts in processus vaginalis of pediatric inguinal hernia, hydrocele and undescended testis

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